关键词: 碱茅, 盐碱斑, 移栽方式, 成活率, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: [Objective] To explore the effects of different transplanting methods on the establishment survival rate of Puccinellia distans in saline-alkali patches and the improvement of soil physicochemical properties. [Methods] In June 2024, the saline-alkali patches of Hulun Buir grassland was taken as the research object. After completing the seedling raising of P. distans using seedling pots, soil was improved through the combined application of organic fertilizer, deep plowing and harrowing and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer （on June 28, 2024, organic fertilizer was applied at 3 kg/m² to Treatment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, CK1 and CK2, followed by uniform deep plowing to 30 cm and harrowing. CK3 received only deep plowing to 30 cm and harrowing without organic fertilizer application. On July 5, 2024, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was applied via drip irrigation at 0.02 L/m² to Treatment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and CK1, while CK2 and CK3 received no water or fertilizer applications）. Three transplanting methods of P. distans were set up[Treatment Ⅰ：hole depth of 10 cm, with a distance of 1 cm below the ground level after soil covering （the soil level was lower than the ground level, the same below）; Treatment Ⅱ：hole depth of 15 cm, with a distance of 3 cm below the ground level after soil covering; Treatment Ⅲ：hole depth of 20 cm, with a distance of 5 cm below the ground level after soil covering] and the control （CK1, CK2, CK3）. Through field experiments, the effects of different transplanting hole depths and soil covering distances on the survival rate of P. distans and the soil physicochemical properties were compared and analyzed. [Results] ① In terms of survival rate of P. distans：the survival rate of P. distans in Treatment Ⅱ（96.66%） was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in Treatment Ⅰ （71.33%） and Treatment Ⅲ （86.00%）. ② In terms of soil physicochemical properties：compared with the three controls, the three transplanting methods significantly （P<0.05） reduced the pH value, electrical conductivity, contents of exchangeable potassium, exchangeable sodium and available phosphorus of saline-alkali patch soil, and Treatment Ⅱ and Treatment Ⅲ significantly （P<0.05） increased soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium content. The soil pH value and exchangeable sodium content of Treatment Ⅱ were significantly （P<0.05） lower than those of Treatment Ⅰ and Treatment Ⅲ, and the organic matter content of Treatment Ⅱ was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of Treatment Ⅰ and Treatment Ⅲ. [Conclusion] In the saline-alkali patches, the transplanting method with the transplanting hole depth of 15 cm and a distance of 3 cm below the ground level after soil covering （Treatment Ⅱ） has the best effects on the survival rate of P. distans and the improvement of soil physicochemical properties. The optimized transplanting technology can effectively promote the rapid recovery of saline-alkali patch vegetation, enhance grassland productivity, improve the grassland ecological environment, and provide a feasible technical approach for ecological restoration of saline-alkali land.

Key words: Puccinellia distans, saline-alkali patches, transplanting method, survival rate, soil physicochemical properties