不同微生物菌剂与压实密度对玉米青贮营养成分及发酵品质的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]探究添加不同微生物菌剂及不同压实密度对玉米青贮营养成分及发酵品质的影响。[方法]以全株青贮玉米为原料，选取4种微生物发酵菌剂，设置2个压实密度（750 kg/m³和850 kg/m³）和2种微生物菌剂添加方式（推荐添加剂量和相同水平添加剂量）。微生物菌剂A（A组，由粪肠球菌、副干酪乳杆菌等7种菌组成）、B（B组，由布氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌组成）、C（C组，由布氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌组成）、D（D组，由植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌组成）的推荐添加剂量分别为2.5×10¹¹、1.1×10¹¹、2.9×10¹¹、1.0×10¹² CFU/t；相同水平添加剂量为5.0×10¹¹ CFU/t。2个压实密度下，均设置不添加微生物菌剂的对照组。发酵120 d后取样，测定并比较不同微生物菌剂添加水平及不同压实密度下玉米青贮营养成分和发酵指标。[结果]在750 kg/m³压实密度下，当添加推荐剂量的4种微生物菌剂时，D组干物质含量高于对照组，且显著（P<0.05）高于A组与B组，当4种微生物菌剂添加量均为5.0×10¹¹ CFU/t时，D组干物质含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组；与对照组相比，添加推荐剂量和相同剂量的4种微生物菌剂均有提高青贮粗蛋白、淀粉以及乳酸含量的趋势，2种压实密度下添加推荐剂量微生物菌剂，玉米青贮淀粉含量分别提高了5.61%~9.23%和2.49%~6.71%，乳酸含量分别提高了11.09%~25.94%和15.56%~38.97%。在850 kg/m³压实密度下，当4种微生物菌剂添加量均为5.0×10¹¹ CFU/t时，C组和D组青贮干物质含量分别比对照组提高了2.94%和2.60%；与对照组相比，添加推荐剂量和相同剂量的4种微生物菌剂均有降低青贮丁酸含量的趋势。总体来看，不同压实密度对玉米青贮营养成分及发酵品质影响有限。[结论]添加不同微生物菌剂能够提高玉米青贮营养成分及发酵品质，植物乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌联合使用效果优于多种微生物联合使用效果，且高浓度添加效果更好。

关键词: 微生物菌剂, 压实密度, 全株玉米青贮, 营养成分, 发酵品质

Abstract:

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different microbial agents addition and different compaction densities on nutritional components and fermentation quality of corn silage. [Method] Four commercial microbial agents with two compaction densities （750 kg/m³ and 850 kg/m³）, and two microbial agent addition methods （adding the recommended level or the same level） were set up using whole plant silage corn as raw material. The recommended addition levels of the microbial agents A （group A, consisting of 7 bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus paracasei）, B （group B, consisting of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum）, C （group C, consisting of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici） and D （group D, consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri） were 2.5×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 2.9×10¹¹ and 1.0×10¹² CFU/t, respectively. The same addition level of the four microbial agents was 5.0×10¹¹ CFU/t. Control groups without addition of microbial agents were set at the both compaction densities. After 120 d fermentation, samples of the corn silage were taken to measure and compare the nutritional components and fermentation indicators under different levels of microbial agents addition and at different compaction densities. [Result] At the compaction density of 750 kg/m³, when adding the recommended levels of the four microbial agents, the dry matter content in group D was higher than that in control group, and was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in groups A and B. When the addition level of the four microbial agents was all 5.0×10¹¹ CFU/t, the dry matter content in group D was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in control group. Compared with control group, adding the recommended levels and the same level of the four microbial agents all had trend of increase in the contents of crude protein, starch and lactic acid. Adding the recommended levels of the four microbial agents at the both compaction densities, the starch content increased by 5.61% to 9.23% and 2.49% to 6.71%, respectively, and the lactic acid content increased by 11.09% to 25.94% and 15.56% to 38.97%, respectively. At the compaction density of 850 kg/m³, when the addition level of the four microbial agents was 5.0×10¹¹ CFU/t, the dry matter content in groups C and D increased by 2.94% and 2.60% compared to control group, respectively. In comparison with control group, the addition of the recommended levels and the same level of the four microbial agents showed trend of decrease in the content of butyric acid. Overall, different compaction densities had limited effects on the nutritional components and fermentation quality of the corn silage. [Conclusion] Microbial agents addition improves the nutritional components and fermentation quality of corn silage. Higher level addition of the microbial agent consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri has better performance than lower level addition of the microbial agent with the same composition or combinative addition of multiple microorganisms.

Key words: microbial agent, compaction density, whole plant corn silage, nutritional components, fermentation quality

中图分类号:

S816.53

刘永军, 李梦吉, 马燕芬, 王德志. 不同微生物菌剂与压实密度对玉米青贮营养成分及发酵品质的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2023, 44(2): 55-60.

LIU Yongjun, LI Mengji, MA Yanfen, WANG Dezhi. Effects of Different Microbial Agents and Compaction Densities on Nutritional Components and Fermentation Quality of Corn Silage[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2023, 44(2): 55-60.

图/表 4

参考文献 23

[1]	GOLLOP N, ZAKIN V, WEINBERG Z G. Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria included in inoculants for silage and in silages treated with these inoculants[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2005, 98(3):662-666. pmid: 15715869
[2]	钱寅森, 武启迪, 季中亚, 等. 我国青贮玉米生产与加工研究进展[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2021, 49(23):41-46.
[3]	陈凤梅. 复合微生态制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质及营养成分的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(15):92-95.
[4]	ADESOGAN A T, SALAWU M B, ROSS A B, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri, L. fermentum or Leuconostoc mesenteroides inoculants or a chemical additive on the fermentation, aerobic stability and nutritive value of crimped wheat grains[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2003, 86(5):1789-1796. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73764-3
[5]	付薇, 陈伟, 韩永芬, 等. 添加不同乳酸菌对玉米秸秆青贮有氧稳定性影响的研究[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2019, 40(9):45-49.
[6]	JOO Y H, KIM D H, LEE H J, et al. Effects of microbial and organic additives on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of barley silage[J]. Journal of Agriculture and Life Science, 2020, 54(1):35-44.
[7]	付薇, 陈伟, 王小利, 等. 不同发酵乳酸菌剂及组合添加对甜高粱青贮营养价值、微生物数量及有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(11):6245-6256. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.11.025
[8]	米筱. 压实密度和二次发酵对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2022.
[9]	BRÜNING D, GERLACH K, WEIß K, et al. Effect of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure on maize silage quality and on formation of volatile organic compounds[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2018, 73(1):53-66. doi: 10.1111/gfs.2018.73.issue-1
[10]	VAN SOEST P J, ROBERTSON J B, LEWIS B A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74(10):3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 pmid: 1660498
[11]	李松泽, 陈雪, 毋昊, 等. 2019年不同地区全株玉米青贮品质的分析[J]. 饲料工业, 2021, 42(5):60-64.
[12]	BURNS P, CUFFIA F, MILESI M, et al. Technological and probiotic role of adjunct cultures of non-starter lactobacilli in soft cheeses[J]. Food Microbiology, 2012, 30(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.09.015 pmid: 22265282
[13]	MUCK R E, NADEAU E, MCALLISTER T A, et al. Recent advances and future uses of silage additives[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(5):3980-4000. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13839
[14]	王诚, 刘德娟, 何荣彦, 等. 植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌对全株玉米青贮发酵品质影响[J]. 山东畜牧兽医, 2022, 43(1):15-18.
[15]	孙向丽, 菅复春, 许来鹏, 等. 布氏乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌对高粱青贮品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2021, 57(9):159-163.
[16]	成娟丽, 林金水. 布氏乳杆菌与不同乳酸菌联用对玉米青贮发酵、干物质回收率和营养价值的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2018(20):17-21.
[17]	RANJIT N K, KUNG L. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2000, 83(3):526-535. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74912-5
[18]	ARRIOLA K G, QUEIROZ O C M, ROMERO J J, et al. Effect of microbial inoculants on the quality and aerobic stability of bermudagrass round-bale haylage[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2015, 98(1):478-485. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8411 pmid: 25465545
[19]	ARRIOLA K G, OLIVEIRA A, JIANG Y, et al. Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without other bacteria, on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and performance of dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2021, 104(7):7653-7670. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19647
[20]	刘高坤, 王思, 刘少兴, 等. 不同微生物添加剂组合对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2021, 57(8):215-218.
[21]	宋十妹, 吴春会, 李运起, 等. 青贮条件对天然牧草青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2021(19):102-107.
[22]	王旭哲. 紧实度及收获期对全株玉米青贮品质及霉菌毒素的影响研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2019.
[23]	李松泽. 基于不同收获期和压实密度研究植物乳杆菌对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2021.