氮肥施用量、种植密度、刈割期及其互作对蒙啤麦5号饲草产量及营养品质的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]研究不同氮肥施用量、种植密度、刈割期及其互作对河套地区大麦饲草产量及营养品质的影响。[方法]以蒙啤麦5号为研究材料，设置不同水平的氮肥施用量[氮肥选用尿素（N:46%），纯氮施用量为82.5 kg/hm²（A1）、108.0 kg/hm²（A2）、135.0 kg/hm²（A3）]、种植密度[375万株/hm²（B1）、450万株/hm²（B2）、525万株/hm²（B3）]、刈割期[抽穗期（C1）、灌浆期（C2）及乳熟期（C3）]，分析三者及其互作对蒙啤麦5号饲草产量及营养品质的影响。[结果]氮肥施用量、刈割期对蒙啤麦5号的株高、鲜草产量、干草产量、鲜干比以及粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙含量均有极显著（P<0.01）影响，种植密度对蒙啤麦5号饲草产量的影响有限。氮肥施用量是影响鲜草产量以及粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维含量的主要因素，对三者的贡献率分别为57.60%、55.90%、34.34%；刈割期是影响干草产量以及酸性洗涤纤维含量的主要因素，对二者的贡献率分别为66.47%和76.69%。不同氮肥施用水平下，蒙啤麦5号鲜草产量、干草产量以及粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、钙、磷含量存在极显著（P<0.01）差异；不同种植密度水平下，中性洗涤纤维、钙含量存在极显著（P<0.01）差异；不同刈割期下，株高、鲜草产量、干草产量、鲜干比以及粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙含量存在极显著（P<0.01）差异。[结论]氮肥施用量和刈割期是影响蒙啤麦5号饲草产量以及营养品质的重要因素。综合考虑饲草产量和营养品质，在氮肥施用量为108.0 kg/hm²、种植密度为450万株/hm²，在乳熟期刈割时，蒙啤麦5号的饲草产量和营养品质最佳。

关键词: 氮肥, 刈割期, 蒙啤麦5号, 品质

Abstract:

[Objective] This study was conducted to assess the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates, planting densities, cutting periods and their interactions on the forage grass yield and nutritional quality of barley in Hetao region. [Method] Using barley variety ′Mengpimai No.5′ as research material, different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application rate [urea （N: 46%） as nitrogen fertilizer, pure nitrogen fertilizer application rates of 82.5 kg/hm² （A1）, 108.0 kg/hm² （A2）, 135.0 kg/hm² （A3）], planting density [3.75 million plants/hm² （B1）, 4.50 million plants/hm² （B2）, 5.25 million plants/hm² （B3）] as well as cutting period [heading stage （C1）, filling stage （C2）, milk maturity stage （C3）] were set up. The effects of the three factors and their interactions on forage grass yield and nutritional quality of ′Mengpimai No.5′ were analyzed. [Result] The nitrogen fertilizer application rate and cutting period had extremely significant （P<0.01） impacts on the plant height, fresh yield, hay yield, fresh to hay ratio as well as the contents of crude protein, acidic detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, calcium of ′Mengpimai No.5′, while planting density had limited impact on the forage grass yield. Nitrogen fertilizer application rate was the main factor affecting the fresh yield, crude protein content and neutral detergent fiber content, with contribution rates of 57.60%, 55.90% and 34.34% to the above three indicators, respectively. Cutting period was the main factor affecting the hay yield and acidic detergent fiber content, with contribution rates of 66.47% and 76.69% to the above two indicators, respectively. Under different nitrogen fertilizer application rates, the fresh yield, hay yield as well as the contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, calcium, phosphorus of ′Mengpimai No.5′ were extremely significantly （P<0.01） different. Under different planting densities, the contents of neutral detergent fiber and calcium varied extremely significantly （P<0.01）. Under different cutting periods, there were extremely significant （P<0.01） differences in the plant height, fresh yield, hay yield, fresh to hay ratio as well as the contents of crude protein, acidic detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, calcium. [Conclusion] Nitrogen fertilizer application rate and cutting period are the crucial factors affecting the forage grass yield and nutritional quality of ′Mengpimai No.5′. Taking into account both forage grass yield and nutritional quality, the best performance is achieved with the nitrogen fertilizer application rate at 108.0 kg/hm², the planting density at 4.50 million plants/hm², and cutting at the milk maturity stage.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, cutting period, ′Mengpimai No.5′, quality

中图分类号:

S512.310.37

徐广祥,刘琳,吕二锁,王艺煊,刘志萍,郭呈宇,贾英,敖特恒格日乐. 氮肥施用量、种植密度、刈割期及其互作对蒙啤麦5号饲草产量及营养品质的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2023, 44(2): 92-97.

XU Guangxiang,LIU Lin,LYU Ersuo,WANG Yixuan,LIU Zhiping,GUO Chengyu,JIA Ying,Aotehenggerile . Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate, Planting Density, Cutting Period and Their Interactions on Forage Grass Yield and Nutritional Quality of Barley Variety ′Mengpimai No.5′[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2023, 44(2): 92-97.

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