Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis（OPA） and ovine progressive pneumonia（OPP）are two kinds of incidental respiratory system diseases for the improved sheep.Both of them can cause obvious pulmonary lesions.In order to identify two kinds of diseases from the histopathological changes,macroscopical lesions of OPA and OPP natural cases in lung were analyzed.The lung of OPA and OPP dead sheep was collected to make into paraffin sections.After HE staining,the results were observed by optical microscope and pictures were taken.And the pathomorphological changes were recorded.

So far,strain breeding has been the safest and the most effective way in the pedigree breeding and crossbreeding utilization system of livestock and poultry.The comprehensive selection index method is an ideal way of multiple traits selection and improvement.Combining the comprehensive selection index method with the strain breeding of sheep,a case of processing the method of sheep strain selection index was provided,so as to control effectively and advance the sheep strain breeding process predictably.

Xishuangbanna game chicken is a species of newly-introduced chicken germplasm in recent years. In order to utilize excellent germplasm characteristics of Xishuangbanna game chicken better, other high-quality chicken varieties were crossbred with Xishuangbanna game chicken in the research, so as to obtain more excellent character combinations （even superior to the parents） and apply the heterosis in the production. The experimental results showed that the testcross combinations with cyan-foot and white-feather chicken as female parent and Xishuangbanna game chicken as male parent had better economic characters and the testcross had a remarkable effect on changing the shank and toe colors. The effect research is of important significance for enriching the genetics and breeding theory of Xishuangbanna game chicken and guiding the breeding oractice of Xishuang,banna game chicken.

One pair of specific primers were designed based on the complete genome sequence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.Taking total DNA extracted from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus isolated from Inner Mongolia as template,gG gene of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus isolated from Inner Mongolia was successfully amplified by using PCR method.And the amplification products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the correlation between the body size indices and body weight of adult female yak of Jiali and further predict the regression analysis of body weight,so as to guide the production practice and breeding work of Jiali Yak.[Method] Based on the body size data of 64 Jiali adult female yaks measured in Jiali County of Tibet,the correlation coefficients between the body weight and body height,body length,chest circumference and cannon circumference of Jiali adult female yaks were analyzed.At the same time,the regression model of the body weight of adult female yaks were further analyzed and predicted.[Result] The correlation coefficients between the body weight and body height,body length,chest circumference and cannon circumference of Jiali adult female yaks were 0.887,0.828,0.807 and 0.712 respectively.The test results showed that the correlation between the body weight and body height,body length,chest circumference and cannon circumference reached extremely significant level（P0.01）.Three regression models for forecasting the body weight were obtained.The correlation coefficients between the predicted value and measured value were 0.854,0.787 and 0.843.[Conclusion] The body weight of Jiali adult female yaks showed significant linear correlation with the body height,body length,chest circumference and cannon circumference.

Based on extensive literature search,the material and histological foundation studies on the important concept ＂meridian＂ were reviewed,in order to provide reference for further study on the essential of meridian and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Referring to the detection method of antipyrine content in Antongding injection in the first book of Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia（2005）,a set of solutions were prepared.Supposing the same content of antipyrine reference substance and the same pH,the concentration of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent was gradually increased and the absorbency was measured after constant volume approach and other treatments.After too much higher or lower absorbency was eliminated,the sample with the absorbency of 0.573 6 was selected.And the added chromogenic reagent was 6 mL p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution.In order to validate the reliability and operability of the concentration of the chromogenic reagent,the chromogenic reagent at this concentration was added to different solutions and samples in a series of standard curves and the results showed that the recovery rate of samples was 99%～105%.

Taking BCA as monomer material,ivermectin polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles（IVM-PBCA-NP） were prepared by emulsion polymerization method.The drug-loaded PVP-IVM-PBCA-NP was formed after drug adsorption and PVP coating.The optimum preparation conditions were confirmed by the orthogonal test as follows：the dosage ratio of BCA to IVM was 4：1（g/g）,the dosage of BCA was 0.4：25（V/V）,the concentration of emulsifier F68 was 2%,stirring speed was 600 r/min,reaction system pH was 2,3 and 6,reaction time was 3 h.Under these conditions,the drug encapsulation ratio of the prepared PVP-IVM-PBCA-NP was（45.43±1.65）%,the drug-loading capacity was（9.95±0.23）% and the main particle size was 296 nm.

The ecological service value of natural grassland in Guoluo Prefecture of Qinghai Province was evaluated,based on the investigated area of natural grassland in Guoluo Prefecture of Qinghai Province in 1982 and the study results of service value of alpine meadow ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,so as to provide theoretical basis for the ecological compensation in Guoluo Prefecture.

Vegetation plays an important role in CO2 fixation,O2 release carbon circulation of atmosphere and land ecosystem.And it is the main feedback and regulation system and it has important ecological function and ecological service value.Based on the investigation on the grassland resources in Dulan County and the related materials,the net primary productivity of different grassland vegetation types was calculated.And the mass and values of CO2 fixation and O2 release were assessed according to equation of photosynthesis,reforestation cost method,method of carbon duty and industrial method of making O2.The results indicated that the annual net primary productivity of grassland vegetation in Dulan County was 364.04 ×104 t per year.The quantity of fixed CO2 and released O2 were 593.38×104 t per year and 436.85×104 t per year.Using reforestation cost method and carbon duty method,the value of CO2 fixation by vegetation in Dulan County was 10.338 5×108 yuan per year.Using reforestation cost method and industrial method of making O2,the value of released O2 was 16.445 7×108 yuan per year.Among the mass and value of CO2 fixation and O2 release of different grassland vegetation in Dulan County,the dry desert had the highest contribution rate,followed by alpine grassland,mountain grassland,swamp and alpine meadow.

In order to study the effects of in vitro preservation and long-distance transportation of fresh embryo for more than five hours on the transfer efficiency of embryo,the sheep of donor and receptor were fed separately.After the fresh embryos from donors were transported for more than 300 km,the embryos were transplanted in recipient sheep.The results showed that the estrus rate of donor sheep and recipient sheep were 100% and 97.9% respectively after estrus synchronization treatment.The number of embryos obtained from oviduct of a donor was 13.5.The lambing rate of the receptor was 79.2%,slightly higher than that from direct transfer.In conclusion,long-distance transportation and in vitro preservation for over five hours had no significant effect on the transfer efficiency of embryos when recipient sheep had good nutritional status,appropriate management and in vitro preservation method.

Salmonella in animal-derived foods（20 mutton samples,20 beef samples,10 pork samples,10 chicken samples and 30 milk samples） from Qiabuqia Region of Qinghai Province were detected.Salmonella in the collected samples were enriched in peptone water or sterile normal saline and cultured in selective culture medium BS and HE.And the bacteria were preliminarily identified by micro-biochemical test.The results showed that three strains of Salmonella were isolated from 90 samples and the total detection rate was 3.3%.

Supernormal fluctuations of pig prices increase the breeding risk of live pig and the earnings instability.Frequent fluctuations of pig price affected the rationality of decision-making of breeding subjects,and the irrationality of the decision-making of breeding subjects also caused obvious obstacle for the popularization of healthy breeding of live pigs.In order to break through the restrictions of price fluctuation of live pigs on the popularization of healthy breeding of pigs,the coordination between the central policy and local policy should be ensured,reasonable interest relationship between different subjects in the industry chain of live pig should be constructed,the expectations of breeding subjects should be adjusted,the popularization model and method should be changed according to the demands of breeding subjects.

Enzyme engineering is an important curriculum in biology engineering and biology technology speciality of universities.Combining with the teaching practice of curriculum,some experiences in the teaching process of enzyme engineering were summarized,so as to enhance the teaching quality of enzyme engineering and realize the objective of cultivating the comprehensive abilities of students.

According to the curriculum characteristics of Veterinarian Clinical Diagnosis,the current situation and problems of the experimental teaching in agricultural universities were analyzed.Aiming to foster clinical veterinary technicians with high theoretical quality and strong practical ability,the innovation system of the experimental teaching of Veterinarian Clinical Diagnosis was studied and explored.The curriculum plan,teaching methods and education platform were discussed and the scientific experimental teaching of Veterinarian Clinical Diagnosis was constructed and perfected,so as to provide new methods and thoughts for the education teaching reform in higher agricultural universities.

The construction of excellent course is one of the important measures to deepen the teaching reform and improve the quality of teaching.The reform and exploration of the excellent course construction of Histology and Embryology in fisheries universities were expounded from the construction of teaching staff,the optimization of teaching links,the innovation of teaching methods and tools,the norms of teaching management and other aspects.

According to the curriculum characteristics of Economics of Animal Husbandry,the industry development trend of animal husbandry and the students＇ learning status,combining with the teaching experience,the theoretical thoughts of the curriculum reform of Economics of Animal Husbandry were proposed and the corresponding reform project was established.Practice proves that this reform ideas and project are feasible and the effect is good.

Through applying the case teaching method in the classroom of Veterinary Internal Medicine,the application of case teaching in the teaching of veterinary internal medicine was discussed.It was pointed out that case teaching method can be propitious to the links between basic knowledge and veterinary clinical practice,cultivate the independent thinking and unity and cooperation spirits of students and exercise the students＇ ability of analyzing and solving practical problems.The case teaching can not only mobilize the enthusiasm of the students,but it can also improve the comprehensive knowledge and innovative ability of students.

Taking employment as the guide,the character and orientation of animal and plant quarantine specialty in the construction process of animal and plant quarantine specialty in College of Agriculture,Jiangxi Agricultural University were confirmed.And the teaching outline,course construction,textbook construction and the links of teaching practice and other aspects were explored.

The practical teaching with the purpose of improving students＇ practice ability and cultivating their creative consciousness plays a unique role in the cultivation of the creative talents.The existing problems of zoology practical teaching with the experimental teaching and field practice as core in teachers colleges were mainly analyzed.It was proposed that the thoughts and ideas in the practice teaching reform of zoology should be changed,the traditional modes of practical teaching should be broken through,so as to improve the practical teaching effect and realize the cultivation of creative talents.At the same time,it was also advocated that the practical teaching should make full use of local resources and service for local construction activities.

Aiming at the existing problems in the livestock and poultry breeding industry in Poyang Lake Zone,based on discussing the relationship among enterprises,the government and the public in the developing process of the circular economy,some ideas and suggestions were proposed for developing the circular economy in the livestock and poultry breeding industry in Poyang Lake Zone,which emphatically included that the government should play the role of macro-adjustment and the culture enterprises of livestock and poultry should actualize the green marketing stratagem.

Aleurites fordii Hemsl is a kind of Vernicia deciduous arbor of Euphorbiaceae.A.fordii is a unique economic tree species.A.fordii,Camellia oleifera Abel.,Juglans regia L.and Sapium sebiferum were named as the species of woody oil plants in China.A.fordii resources and their distribution were introduced.And the market exploitation and utilization values of A.fordii as one of natural oil resources were discussed.

Different proportions of xylo-oligosaccharides were added in the diary feed of broiler ducks to study its effects on the growth performance of meat ducks.Using the single factor fully-random experiment design,200 one-day-old healthy Cherry Valley meat ducks were selected and randomly divided into four groups.There were five repetitions in each group,with each repetition of ten meat ducks.The body weight of meat ducks among different treatments had no significant difference（P0.05）.One control group and three test groups were designed in the test.4 mg/kg flavomycin was added to the basal diet of meat ducks in control group.0.005% xylo-oligosaccharides was added to the basal diet of meat ducks in test Ⅰ group.0.01% xylo-oligosaccharides was added to the basal diet of meat ducks in test Ⅱ group.0.02% xylo-oligosaccharides was added to basal diet of meat ducks in test Ⅲ group.And the raising period lasted 42 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of 1-3 week-old meat ducks in test groups increased than control group to different degrees and there was no significant difference among different groups（P0.05）.The feed-meat ratio in test Ⅱ group decreased and there was no significant difference among different groups（P 0.05）.Compared with control group,the average daily gain of 4-6 week-old meat ducks increased and the feed-meat ratio decreased in test groups and there was no significant difference among different groups（P0.05）.For 1-6 week-old meat ducks（the whole raising period）,the average daily gain of meat ducks in test groups was higher than that in control group and the feed-meat ratio was lower than that in control group,and there was no significant difference among different groups（P 0.05）.All in all,the growth effect of meat ducks in test Ⅱ group was the best.

With the rapid development of animal husbandry and improvement of the ecological culture idea,the development speed of livestock and poultry,fisheries breeding industry in different countries all over the world has been accelerated and the demands of animal protein has been increased.For supplying rich protein feed for the poultry production,the earthworms culture has been rapidly developed in many countries.The nutritional components,development and utilization of earthworms its application in the poultry production and its development foreground were summarized,so as to provide reference for further development of the earthworm feed materials.

The plasma protein powder is an ideal protein resources.And it has drawn wide attentions in the feed industry in recent years.The influencing factors of the quality of spray-dried plasma protein powder in the industrialized production process were introduced,so as to provide reference for the studies on the relevant scientific research and technology.

The demonstration,popularization and application works of probiotics preparation in the production of laying breeder hens was done,in order to promote the wide application of probiotics preparation in the production of laying breeder hens,ensure the green and safe production of breeder poultry in suburbs of Beijing and increase the economic and social benefits.The popularization results showed that adding probiotics preparation to feed can increase the laying rate of laying hens and the qualified rate of breeding eggs,decrease the feed conversion and the rate of dead bird,improve the fertilization rate of hatching eggs,the hatchability of fertile eggs and the rate of healthy chicken and decrease the rate between breeding eggs and female chickens.It has some economic benefits and it is a kind of green and safe production model,so it can be and popularized and used in laying breeder hens.

Xylo-oligosaccharide is a new type of feed additive and it has functions of promoting the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria,adsorbing intestinal pathogen,enhancing the body immunity,promoting the lipid metabolism,mineral metabolism and antioxidant,etc..The application of xylo-oligosaccharide as feed additive in the feed industry has been confirmed.And xylo-oligosaccharide has been widely used in the feed of pig,poultry,ruminant and aquatic animals.The research results validated that xylo-oligosaccharide could improve the production performance of animals,improve the body immunity and disease resistance of animals.And adding xylo-oligosaccharide can also reduce drug dosage in feed and decrease the drug residues,which was helpful for environmental protection.The chemical structure,physicochemical properties and mechanism of xylo-oligosaccharide and its application effect in the production of animal husbandry were mainly introduced.And its prospects were predicted.

Pollorum disease is one of common infectious diseases caused by Salmonella,which could lead to the death of a large number of chicken,and bring huge losses to the poultry industry.Based on analyzing the prevalence situations of this disease,some concrete control measures were proposed,including purifying chicken flocks,strengthen the breeding management and applying drugs for prevention.