According to the published VIR gene sequence of ORFV（Strain NZ2）in the GenBank,one pair of primers were designed and synthesized.VIR gene of ORFV（OV/nm-05）of Inner Mongolia isolate were specially amplified by PCR method and then cloned into pEASY-T1 vector.The sequences of VIR gene of this virus were obtained after sequencing.The sequencing analysis showed that the homology between OV/nm-05 strain and 1710/03 strain was the highest,being 98.0%.And the homology between OV/nm-05 strain and 513/04 strain was the lowest,being 95.4%.The results demonstrated that there was a little variation between VIR gene of Inner Mongolia isolate of contagious ecthyma virus of sheep and other reference strains,which laid the foundation for further understanding the structure and function of VIR gene from the perspective of molecular biology.

A headspace solid phase microextraction（HS-SPME） followed by gas chromatography had been developed for the determination of ethanol in fermentation solution of xylose.Various parameters including the type of fibers,extraction time,extraction temperature,pH value,ionic strength and desorption conditions were investigated for the optimization of HS-SPME performance for ethanol in fermentation solution of xylose.The high purity nitrogen with a flow rate of 4.0 mL/min,and DB-ALC2 capillary column（30 m×0.53 mm,2 μm） were used for separation.The oven temperature was programmed at 40 ℃.Under the optimal conditions,the quantitative results showed that the linear range of ethanol was 50-300 μg/L by using tert-butyl alcohol as internal standard.The detection limit（3σ） was 4.19 μg/L.The relative standard deviations for the determination of studied compound was less than 6%,and the recovery range was ranged from 91.01% to 97.90%.The proposed method had been successfully applied to determine ethanol in fermentation solution of xylose with satisfactory results.

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of different doses of cysteamine （CS） on the production performance and hormone levels of hens during late laying period to find out the most appropriate adding dose. [Method] 576 43-week old broilers from the same source were randomly divided into 6 treatments （n=96） with 3 replicates, among them group Ⅰ , as the control group, was provided with basic diet, while group Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅵ and Ⅵwere fed with basic diet supplemented with cysteamine at the level of 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental period was 21 days, and the laying rate, ratio of feed to egg and hormone levels of serum were detected on the 1~, 8a, 15~ and 22~ day. [Result] The cysteamine degraded the ratio of feed to egg, raised the laying rate, and eased the slump of the estrogen level. [Conclusion] Cysteamine can relieve the fall of production performance and estrogen level of hens during late laying period.

Blood samples of three kinds of cattle under the same feed management conditions in both winter and summer were randomly blooded.The antioxidation indexes of three kinds of cattle including T-SOD,Cu/Zn-SOD,GSH-Px,T-AOC and MDA were detected by using visible spectrophotometer,and serum trace elements including Se,Cu,Zn and Mn were determined by using atomic absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometry.The results showed that the T-SOD,Cu/Zn-SOD,T-AOC,Cu,Zn,Mn and Se of New Zealand imported Jersey cattle and Holstein were significantly higher than local Holstein in winter（P〈0.05）,except for GSH-Px.There were no significant difference in the T-SOD,Cu/Zn-SOD,GSH-Px,Mn and Se of New Zealand imported Jersey cattle,Holstein and local Holstein in summer（P〉0.05）.The T-AOC of New Zealand imported Jersey cattle was significantly higher than local Holstein（P〈0.05）.It is concluded that New Zealand Jersey cattle imported in summer has higher adaptability.

A pair specific primer were designed and synthesized according to the published GIF（GM-CSF inhibitory factor） sequence of NZ2 strain in GenBank.Total DNA of the contagious ecthyma virus（CEV） strain（OV/nm-05） which was isolated in Inner Mongolia was extracted,and the GIF gene was amplificated.The GIF gene was cloned into pEASY-T1 plasmids and then sequenced.The acquired GIF gene sequences of OV/nm-05 was compared with those of 7 reference strains like OV-NZ2,OV-D1701,OV-IA82,OV-SA00,OV-F07.808R,OV-MUK59/05 and OV-F94.848R.Results showed that the GIF gene homology of OV/nm-05 with 7 reference strains was 95.7%,98.2%,96.7%,95.5%,95.9%,95.5% and 95.1%,respectively.

The sweet potato residue was got by simulating the extraction process of sweet potato starch.Effects of the addition amounts of various enzymes on the extraction rate of dietary fiber were studied by single-factor and orthogonal experiments,and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of glucoamylase were optimized by orthogonal experiment.Results showed that the optimal addition amounts of various enzymes were α-amylase 1.4 mL/g,trypsin 0.5 mL/g and glucoamylase 5.0 mL/g,and the glucoamylase was identified as the main enzyme.The optimal conditions for glucoamylase hydrolysis were 60 ℃,40 min and pH 4.5.The extraction rates of total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber under the optimal conditions were 81.6% and 25.7%,respectively.The expansion and the water holding capacity of dietary fiber reached 3.42 mL/g and 665%,respectively.

70 ewes of Duolang Sheep were selected and divided into two groups.After artificial insemination,60 ewes in test group were mated and 10 ewes in control group were dismated.Using platelet counting method,early pregnancy diagnosis was made on 60 mating sheep.The results showed that platelet number of pregnant ewes decreased（74±59.98）×109 /L on the 7th day after mating and had extremely significant differences with that of dismating control ewes（P〈0.01）.The detection results showed that 54 ewes were pregnant and 6 ewes were not pregnant.Through clinical pregnancy examination and the comparison of the lambing results,it was found that the pregnancy coincidence rate of pregnant ewes was 92.59%,that of non-pregnant ewes was 83.33% and total coincidence rate was 91.66%.

Eleven inorganic phosphorus-dissolving bacterium strains were screened out from 83 Bacillus saved in the lab.Three bacterial strains with the larger ratio of hydrolysis circle diameter to colony diameter were screened out by the plate method.One strain ZP with the strongest phosphate-dissolving ability was screened out from the there strains by liquid submerged culture.In order to provide theoretical basis for the production of phosphate preparations,the there strains were cultured by solid fermentation to study the relationship between the phosphate-dissolving ability of strains and the different culture medium formula and fermentation time.

The fermentation technology of chromium-enriched yeast produced by using Candida utilis was studied.The chromium-enriched yeast was prepared by adding Cr3＋ in fermentation culture medium.The biomass and chromium content of chromium-enriched yeast were determined,and the fermentation culture conditons were optimized.The optimal culture conditions were as follows：the cultural temperature was 30 ℃;the the addition amount of Cr3＋ in culture medium was 100 μg/mL;the inoculation amount was 4%-6%（V/V）;the initial pH value was 5.0;and the cultural time was 20 h.Under the optimal conditions,the biomass of chromium-enriched yeast and organic chromium content were 1.83 g/100mL and 2 210 μg/g,respectively.The results lay the technology foundation for the development of chromium-enriched yeast.

The artificial propagation of loach has been an important method for loach intensive culture,among them artificial induced spawning is also the core part of artificial propagation.Different ratios of oxytocin was used for the artificial induced spawning of loach,and then the number of ovum obtained from natural fertilization was recorded,and drug cost was compared.Results showed that the higher oxytocin was,the better spawning effect was.Under the same drug cost,the number of ovum produced by mixed induced spawning was higher than that of single induced spawning,among them 50 IU/0.2 mL HCG＋0.25 μg/0.2 mL LRH-A2＋0.2 mg/0.2 mL DOM had the best effect.

Based on the feeding experiment and investigation of reproduction cows,sucking calves,and feeder cattle,combing with the fattening experiment of feeder cattle and the linear fattening experiment of calves,referring to Feeding Standards of Beef Cattle and the reported data of fattening experiment of beef cattle,the feed grain needed in the productions of beef products in different fattening process of beef cattle were compared according to the supply situations of beef products and the feed resource situations of fattening beef cattle in China.The results showed that less grain were consumed by linear fattening technology than concentrated fattening in late stage to obtain the equivalent weight of beef products.And more feed grain needed to be consumed in the production of high-grade beef.

The experiment was conducted on natural pasture on north bank of Tekes River in army horse farm of Zhaosu County in Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture of Xinjiang from May 15th to September 21th of 2008.55 4-month-old Kazak male lambs were selected to measure the body weight.Among them,20 lambs were used in digestion experiment and 35 lambs were used in slaughter experiment.The preliminary trial lasted for 8 days and the test lasted for 120 days.The results showed that the content of Cu in the muscle of Kazak grazing lambs obviously decreased with the increase of the age and the body weight（P〈0.05）.The content of Cu was the lowest at 6-month-age and reached the highest value at the 7-month-age.The content of Fe significantly increased with the increase of the month-age（P〈0.05）.Fe content reached the highest peak at the 7-month-age and began to decrease obviously at 8-month-age with significant difference（P〈0.05）.The content of Ca continuously decrease at 5-month-age and 6-month-age,without significant difference（P〉0.05）.And Ca content began to increase at 7-month-age,but there was no significant difference（P〉0.05）.The content of Co was basically stable,but it began to decrease at 7-month-age without significant difference（P〉0.05）.The content of Mg basically tended to be stable with the age and there was no significant difference among different months（P〉0.05）.The content of Mn decreased with the month-age,but it began to increase at 7-month-age.Mn content at 7-month-age had significant differences with that at 5-month-age and 8-month-age（P〈0.05）.And Mn content obviously decreased at 8-month-age（P〈0.05）.Zn content obviously increased with the month-age until 6-month-age.Zn content at 6-month-age had significant difference with that at 4-month-age and 5-month-age（P〈0.05）.Zn content began to decrease at 7-month-age and 8-month-age and there was significant difference between 6-month-age and 8-month-age（P〈0.05）.

Melamine（MA） is a low-acute toxicity chemical with LD50 of 4 550 mg/（kg·bw） in mice.To verify and evaluate its chronic toxicity,500,1 000 and 2 000 mg MA per kilogram feed were fed to 6-week-old female Wistar rats for six months.The results showed that functional disorders and organic changes of kidney,liver and ladder of female Wistar rats to different extent were observed in each test group.The blood biochemical indices（such as ALT,AST,CRE and UA） increased to different extent.The histological abnormalities or damages to different extent were found in kidney,liver and bladder.In 2 000 mg MA/kg dose group,the growth and feed intake were inhibited and histological change or damage of kidney was significant,even kidney calculi appeared.In poisoned group,no histological abnormality was found in spleen and bone marrow of rats.Maximal no-effect dose of MA on rats should be less than（35.7±15.4） mg/（kg·bw·d）.

On the premise of ensuring traditional properties and characteristics of air-dried beef,the technology was improved to control the temperature and humidity of hurricane drier.The drying process on the prairie was simulated.The air-dried beef were fried twice at low and high temperatures.The vacuum-packed and two-stage sterilized technologies were used,which greatly shortened the production cycle and increased the production efficiency.Meanwhile,the amounts of harmful and putrefactive microorganism in products were decreased and the shelf-life of air-dried beef was prolonged,thus the economic benefit was remarkably increased.

Using snowstorm weather process in Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia on November 11th-12th of 2010,analyzing the recording data of weather map,cloud chart and radar plot,several numerical forecasting fields of snowstorm were summarized.The occurrence mechanism of snowstorm weather process and the failure and success factors of this forecast were explored,so as to apply it in the practical work in the future.

On the basis of combined with Maqin county natural grassland ecological compensation work status quo,the problems existing in the process of natural grassland ecological compensation work were analysied.Finally,some working advices were proposed.

In order to study the ecological function and value of natural grassland,the ecological value of CO2 fixation and O2 release by natural grassland vegetation in Gande county was analyzed.Results showed that the ecological value of annual CO2 fixation and O2 release by natural grassland vegetation in Gande county was 1.87×109 Yuan,and the average was 3 046 Yuan/hm2 which was further higher than the income of natural grassland of the same acreage in animal husbandry production.

It was expounded that the output of main livestock products annually increased after China entered WTO,but the import and export situations were not optimistic.The reasons why the livestock products with competitive advantages had difficulties,continuous growth of the amount of livestock products and the import quantity increased year by year were analyzed.Some countermeasures for enhancing the export competitiveness of China＇s livestock products were put forward from the aspect of increasing the level of product＇s quality,so that China＇s livestock products could enter the international markets.

The research aimed to study the correlation between the sensory evaluation results of cottonseed meal and the chemical test results of its nutritional components and provide theoretical basis for the sensory detection in the production.Six kinds of cottonseed meal from different factories of different areas were collected to determine the contents of crude protein,free gossypol,NDF,ADF,ADL.The results showed that the content of free gossypol in six kinds of cottonseed meal was below the international allowable range and the colour and luster of cottonseed meal had certain correlation with the content of free gossypol.The test results showed that red cottonseed meal had higher content of free gossypol.The content of cotton hull was the main cause that affected the content of crude protein in cottonseed meal,showing an obvious negative correlation.The content of cotton hull and cotton wool showed a positive correlation with the fiber content.Too higher content of cotton hull and cotton wool would affect the quality of cottonseed meal.

The micro-ecological preparation peptin was added in the diet of broilers to measure the growth performance,physiology of alimentary tract and intestinal microflora of broilers.And the application effects of peptin in the production of broilers were discussed.The results showed that both aureomycin and peptin could significantly increase the 21-day-old body weight,the average daily gain from the 1st day to the 21st day and the feed-meat ratio of broilers（P〈0.05）.From the view of feed-meat ratio,adding peptin and aureomycin could decrease the feed-meat ratio from the 1st day to the 21st day.The feed-meat ratio in different groups of peptin was lower than that of aureomycin group,without significant difference（P〉0.05）.Peptin could significantly decrease the relative length of duodenum,jejunum and whole small intestine of 21-day-old broilers,significantly increase the relative length of ileum（P〈0.05）.Aureomycin had no significant effect on the length of duodenum,jejunum and whole small intestine（P〉0.05）,but it significantly increased the relative length of ileum（P〈0.05）.On the 42nd day,peptin only significantly increased the relative length of jejunum,but it had no significant effect on other intestinal segments（P〉0.05）.While aureomycin had no significant effect on the length of duodenum,jejunum,ileum and whole small intestine of 42-day-old broilers（P〉0.05）.Aureomycin and peptin had no significant effect on the villus height,recess depth and the ratio of villus height to recess depth in duodenurn,jejunum and ileum of 21-day-old or 42-day-old broilers（P〉0.05）,but there was an increasing tendency.Peptin had the tendency of increasing the lactobacillus number and decreasing the number of Escherichia coli in the contents of cecum in 21-day-old broilers and there was no significant difference in different groups.While aureomycin significantly decreased the number of lactobacillus and Escherichia coli（P〈0.05）.To sum up,peptin could enhance the production performance of broilers,improve the intestinal morphology,increase the number of lactobacilli and decrease the number of Escherichia coli,and the effects in early stage was better than that in late stage.

The study was conducted to discuss the effects of compound micro-ecological preparation peptin on the growth performance,diarrhea rate and microbial population of weaned piglets.45 Dingyuan black piglets were divided into three groups.The basal diet was added in control group and 0.1%,0.2% peptin were added to the basal diet in test groups.Each group had three repetitions and each repetitions included 5 piglets.The whole experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed that the daily gain in test group 1 and test group 2 significantly increased 22.5% and 12.9% than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.And the feed-meat ratio in test group 1 and test group 2 significantly decreased 7.87%（P〈0.05）and 4.49%（P〉0.05）than control group respectively.On the 14th day,the number of Escherichia coli in test group 1 and test group 2 was 5.87% and 7.02% significantly lower than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.On the 21st day,the number of lactobacillus in test group 1 and test group 2 was 4.18% and 4.79% higher than control group respectively（P〈0.05）and the number of Escherichia coli in test group 1 and test group 2 was 6.68% and 7.84% lower than control group（P〈0.05）.IgG level in test group 1 and test group 2 significantly increased 18.5% and 22.4% than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.The content of total protein in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 9.46% and 7.21% than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.But serum urea nitrogen（SUN） in test group 1 and test group 2 decreased 22.9% and 25.1% than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.On the 14th day,SIgA level in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 27.8% and 30.6% than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.On the 21st day,SIgA level in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 33.0% and 30.1% than control group respectively（P〈0.05）.On the 14th day,the activities of protease in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 84.0%and 99.3% than control group respectively（P〈0.01）and amylase activities in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 3.98% and 7.65% than control group respectively（P〉0.05）.On the 21st day,the activities of protease in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 77.4% and 91.2% than control group respectively（P〈0.01）and amylase activities in test group 1 and test group 2 increased 13.1% and 14.3% than control group respectively（P〉0.05）.In conclusion,peptin could decrease the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets,enhance the growth performance,improve microbial population and enhance the immune function of weaned piglets.

Aim at how to better play the supporting and service role of the experimental animal center in teaching and scientific research in universities,the design of experimental animal’s management software was proposed,furthermore the development of the experimental animal’s management software was predicted.

The quality control technology of the aquatic feed from material to production in producing process was described,furthermore five essential factors of the aquatic feed quality control were proposed.

Probiotics are a kind of microbial products which are widely used in aquaculture. It is very important for modem aquaculture farming because it is not only as feed additives but also as water conditioner. In order to provide theoretical reference for the application of probiotics in aquaculture, the role and species of probiotics in aquaculture were introduced, and the problems existing in the application were analyzed, and the future application was prospected.

African swine fever （ASF） is a highly contagious and fatal hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus （ASFV）. Since the mid-twentieth century, ASF has been disseminated in dozens of countries in Africa, Europe and America, and in recent years it spread to Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia. Once ASF invaded to China, it would cause great loss to the pig industry. The studies about the etiology and monoclonal antibodies of ASF make sense about the rapid diagnostic techniques of ASF virus and the development of vaccines. Advances in study on the etiology and monoclonal antibodies of ASF were summarized in this paper.

7 wolves which lived in Xining wildlife zoo died suddenly in April, 2011. The death reason was detected by pathologic and bacteriologic methods and finally diagnosed as a mixed infection by Pasteurella multocida and Diplococcus lanceolatus. The diagnosis of wolf mixed infection by Pasteurella multocida and Diplococcus lanceolatus was introduced mainly in order to provide reference for veterinary field.

Swine streptococcosis is a zoonosis caused by many different kinds of pathogenic streptococcuses. This disease not only endangered the healthy development of swine industry, but it also could cause the disease incidence and death of human. The research progresses on the pathogen, epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic factors and pathogenic mechanism of swine streptococcosis were introduced, so as to provide references for the effective diagnosis and cure of swine streptococcosis.

The high-quality chicken culture facility has been accepted by more and more farmers. The greenhouse culture facility of high-quality chicken in Nanjing was investigated, furthermore the main causes of restricting the disaster resistant ability of greenhouse culture facility were analyzed, and a program about greenhouse culture facility suitable for Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces was proposed.

Under the same barn feeding and grass fodder, the hybrid utilization effects and progeny performance of some main introduced varieties like Suffolk sheep, Dorper sheep, Texel sheep and Dorset sheep which presently existed or have been crossed and improved in Ningxia were compared and analyzed. Results showed that hybrid progenies of the varieties all had features of fast growth rate, high forage reward and good meat production and reproductive performance, especially the meat production and reproductive performance of Dorper sheep＇ hybrid progenies were more obvious than the other varieties.

Based on the investigation and analysis on the current status and original planning of Rongsheng ecological pig farm in Ledu County of Qinghai Province, combining with current production environment and resource conditions, the field layout was redesigned and the production process and workshop utilization were designed and improved. The results showed that the original task of this pig farm could be finished on the basis of scientific design and logical programming. And the 10 000 farm scale was achieved after the development focus was adiusted.