The experiment was based on the comparison of general commercial chicken and Hetian black chicken lymphocyte which was not vaccinated transformation rate,analyzing the immunity strength of Hetian black chicken and general commercial chicken,isolate peripheral blood lymphocytes by density gradient centrifugation,then incubate it in carbon dioxide cell incubator at the temperature of 37 ℃,the carbon dioxide concentration was 5 %,by some inducers such as mitotic original plant lectin（PHA）,concanavalin A（ConA）,after the induction,performance of the increasing of cell volume,metabolism,protein and nucleic acid,and ordinary commodity chicken lymphocyte transformation rate is greater than Hetian black chicken,after 72 h general commercial chicken and Hetian black chicken lymphocyte transformation was performing the diminishing level,the high and low lever of lymphocyte transformation was reflect the body＇s immune function.This experiment laid the foundation for animal immune effects of detection and cytokine preparations.

Healthy Triplophysa（Hedinichthys） yarkandensis Day was designed as the research object which isolated from peripheral blood lymphocyte.The results showed that lymphocytes of peripheral blood of Triplophysa（Hedinichthys） yarkandensis could be separated by the density 1.085 g/mL separation medium at 2 000 r/min centrifugation for 35 min.It could provide reference information for the disease control and prevention,artificial breeding of Triplophysa（Hedinichthys） yarkandensis.

Four-year herbages mixed sowing test was carried out in Xiaoshao of Guandu District,Kunming City,Yunnan Province,and it was proposed that the herbages mixed sowing combination which was suitable for cutting utilization under the climatic conditions of north subtropical zone of Yunnan was Setaria grass＋Suntory alfalfa and Suntory alfalfa＋General chicory＋perennial ryegrass.The seeding rates of mixed sowing were suggested as Suntory alfalfa 15 kg/hm2＋Setaria grass 7.5 kg/hm2 and Suntory alfalfa 10 kg/hm2＋General chicory 5 kg/hm2＋perennial ryegrass 10 kg/hm2.

Using the descriptive analysis,linear trend fitting and cumulative anomaly methods,the annual maximum depth of frozen soil,the average minimum air temperature and the average minimum ground temperature in each winter month（from October to the next February） at Tongliao National Basic Meteorological Observation Station during 1962-2011 were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the maximum depth of frozen soil at Tongliao Station for many years on the average reached 131.7 cm.And the maximum value appeared in February of 1977 and the minimum value appeared in February of 2007,and the maximum value was 1.4 times as the minimum.Under the background of the global climate warming,the maximum depth of frozen soil at Tongliao Station had obvious age change characteristics.At the terminal stage of 1960s-1970s,the maximum depth of frozen soil showed a gradual increasing trend.And the maximum depth of frozen soil showed a gradual decreasing trend after 1980s.At time scale of 50 years,the maximum depth of frozen soil at Tongliao Station had twice mutations,which occurred in the winter of 1971-1972 and 2005-2006.The maximum depth changes of the frozen soil at Tongliao Station showed significant negative correlations with the changes of the average minimum air temperature and minimum ground temperature.The lower the air temperature and ground temperature were,the thicker the layer of frozen soil was,and vice versa.The appearing time of the maximum depth of frozen soil was 1-2 months later than that of the minimum air temperature and ground temperature.

25 white yaks in Datong Country were used to determine serum urea nitrogen parameter by Diacetylomnoxime.The result showed that the serum urea nitrogen content was 11.05 mmol/L in white yak of Datong Country,there was not significant difference between the male and female yak（P 0.05）,in adult yak and the calves aged 2～6 months not significant difference about serum urea nitrogen（P 0.05）.

In order to study the supplementary feeding effect of grazing lamb with ryegrass planted by goat raising households in grass-withering period,the supplementary feeding test with ryegrass was conducted on 1.5-2.5 month-old grazing lambs to observe the weight gain difference with the lamb without supplementing ryegrass.The results showed that the weight gain of lamb with supplementing ryegrass increased by 43% than that without supplementing ryegrass.When 667 m2 of ryegrass was planted,the comparative benefit of 14 810.64 yuan could be achieved by supplementing lamb with ryegrass.

Using linear trend and R/S analysis method, the temperature and rainfall in Kailu County of Inner Mongolia in different season and the whole year during 1953-2010 were analyzed. The results show that the average temperature in Kailu County in the whole year and different season in recent 58 years showed the increasing trend and the succession correlation coefficient of the average temperature in the summer was above 0.01 significant level and others were above 0.001 significant level. The trend rate was to increase 0.19- 0.41 ℃for each 10 years and was all in line with Hurst phenomenon. H values in the spring, summer, autumn and whole year were all more than 0.602 6. The annual and summer rainfall in the future would keep the decreasing trend and that in spring and winter would keep the increasing trend. H value in autumn was near to 0.5 and the future trend was hard to be predicted.

The content of astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragalus essence was determined by HPLC-ELSD.The chromatography column was Agilent C18（5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm）;the column temperature was 35 ℃;the mobile phase was acetonitrile and water（34：66）;the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the temperature of drift tube of ELSD detector was 65 ℃,and the air pressure was 30 psi.Results showed that the astragaloside Ⅳ within 32.12-321.20 μg had good linear relationship（r=0.999 8）;average recovery was 99.26%,and the RSD was 2.75%（n=6）.It is suggested that the method is simple and accurate and has good reproducibility,so it could be used in quality control method of Astragalus essence.

Based on the daily observation data of thunderstorm in Tongliao National Basic Meteorological Observing Station from 1961 to 2011,climate change characteristics of thunderstorm were analyzed by using mathematical statistics and climatic trend method,furthermore significance test was carried out by using t-test.Results showed that the annual number of thunderstorm days in Tongliao in recent 50 years had a decrease trend generally,and climatic trend rate was-1.04 d per 10 years.The average number of thunderstorm days in Tongliao in recent 10 years was 23.2 d,which was 5 days less than that in former 40 years.The average annual number of thunderstorm days was 27.3 d;the average first-day of thunderstorm was May 10,and the average end-day of thunderstorm was September 27,and there were 142 days between them.Thunderstorm mainly appeared in June,July and August,among them the number of thunderstorm days in June and July accounted for 57% of annual number of thunderstorm days.There was less thunderstorm in November,and there was no thunderstorm from December to March in next year.

Juice beverage getting more and more popular with nourishment,natural,and healthy care characteristic which leads the main trend of beverage market.It required highly in production process and technological operation because of its natural characteristics.Microbiological examination of juice beverage in northern China based on random sampling,in order to survey the present situation of beverage market in northern China,and get a cause analysis of existing problems of raw material and adjunct,production process,environment,workers and equipment.

In order to research the effect of different production period on the birth weight of Australia merino offspring（the lamb who Australian merino ram fertilization Ordos fine wool sheep ewes）,four hundred pregnancy ewe were selected and randomly divided into four groups.Four groups of sheep ewes were impregnated in different months,and then the lamb birth weight after pregnancy ewe production was recorded.The results showed that the average birth weight of single lamb which was born in January,February,March and April in 2009 were（4.81±0.51）,（4.30±0.68）,（3.95±0.70） and（3.98±0.47）kg,while the double lambs were（4.03±0.85）,（3.08±0.24）,（3.08±0.53） and（2.87±0.40）kg,respectively.The average birth weight of single lamb which was born in January,February,March and April in 2010 were（5.43±0.63）,（4.63±0.55）,（4.60±0.73） and（4.54±0.63）kg,while the double lambs were（4.10±0.48）,（3.30±0.94）,（3.28±0.68） and（3.10±0.18）kg,respectively.Thereby,there was close relationship between birth weight and production period for Australia merino offspring.There was a decrease of birth weight for Australia merino offspring from January to April,among them the birth weight of lamb which was born in January was higher than that of lamb which was born in February,March and April,and there were significant difference in the birth weight of single lamb and double lambs which were born in January and April of each year（P 0.01）.

Biocontrol bacteria SF-16 was a selected bacteria strain,research showed that its inhibitory effect on multiple plants.In order to improve biocontrol bacteria SF-16 spore formation rate and quantity,provide theoretical basis for factory production of biological agent,use flask fermentation with a survey on main influencing factors of spore formation.Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimal shaking flask fermentation condition was determined as follow：media composed of 0.5% lactose,2.0% soybean meal,0.30% MnSO4·5H2O.Under this optimum condition,the germination rate achieves 98.3 percentages,Biomass achieves 2×109/mL.

Through microencapsulation technology to protect probiotics which can be extend the preservation period of probiotics in a certain range,and to reduce the loss when passing stomach and intestine.It summarized current techniques of microencapsulation on probiotics and the effect on the stability of microencapsulated probiotics,discussed the existing problems and the prospects of microencapsulated probiotics.

The specialty of animal pharmacy emerges as the development of veterinary drug industry in China.Veterinary pharmaceutical administration science is one of important courses for the specialty of animal pharmacy.The teaching purpose of veterinary pharmaceutical administration science is to make students understand the laws and regulations of veterinary pharmaceutical administration science in China,the relative laws and regulations of quality assurance and quality control in the development,production,circulation and use of veterinary drug,as well as the relationship between legalized management and safety of veterinary drug.However,the curriculum design,teaching material construction and teaching staff construction of veterinary pharmaceutical administration science in China are still at exploring stage.The construction of animal pharmacy and the teaching situation and prospect of veterinary pharmaceutical administration science were discussed.

The research aimed to further improve the experimental teaching quality of Animal Reproduction,mobilize the initiative and creativity of students,enhance the experimental operation skills of students and cultivate high-quality innovative talent.Based on experimental teaching practice and available experimental teaching resources,the necessity,existing problems and suggestions of constructing the opening experimental teaching platform of Animal Reproduction were discussed.

Teaching aids（steel,wooden and cloth were used for construction cattle＇ reproductive system and prosthesis）of cattle＇s reproductive system was explored and prepared through investigating the genital structure and reproductive traits of optimal breeding cows.Teaching aids was used to train the skill of cool breeding for students,save cost of training and teaching.

Pharmacology is a foundation course in pharmacy and also a professional core curriculum in pharmaceutical preparation.The pharmacological experiment is an important part of the pharmacologically course.The quality of pharmacology experimental teaching was improved by optimized the experimental class setting,to perfect the self experimental teaching materials,to reform the teaching methods,to strengthen the teaching process management,and to reform the assessment methods.

The course of Comprehensive Practice Training of Animal Microbiology was reformed.Based on the common cases in the clinic production and the scientific research projects with the cooperation between school and enterprise,the reform of teaching content was divided into the basic experiment,comprehensive improving experiment and research innovation experiment.The assessment contents included microscope operation and section techniques,bacteria separation,purification and identification techniques,virus separation and identification techniques,experimental design and innovation abilities.The assessment model was the combination of process assessment and diversified,multi-level and multi-angle assessment,so as to cultivate high-skill of animal husbandry and veterinary specialty in vocational and technical colleges.

The experiment of pathogenic biology and immunology is an important part of the basic medical science experiment.Through the laboratory teaching and management reform of pathogenic biology and immunology,a kind of modern experimental teaching and management system was set up to improve the laboratory utilization rate,promote the experimental teaching effect and cultivate highly-qualified people in medical science.

Dunaliella salina is a kind of very important algae resource.Because it had rich nutrient substances（protein,natural vitamin,minerals,unsaturated fatty acid,polysaccharide,etc.） and functions of anti-radiation,delaying the organism ageing,cancer prevention,anticancer,so it has wide exploration and utilization from the food health care,medicine,animal production and other aspects in recent years.As the receptor of biotechnology and gene engineering,it had an important role in the scientific research and has become a scientific research receptor in recent years.The biological characteristics,physiological research,toxicological research,nutritional research,bioactive components and their functions,the application of Dunaliella salina powder in animal production were reviewed,so as to promote the effective application of this kind of good feed resources in the livestock production in China.

Large-leaf fast-growing Sophora japonica is a new high-yield and fast-growing feed variety.It is the large trend for future development of feed to fasten the construction of forage base,to solve the demand of growing protein feed and to optimize the variety structure of animal husbandry.Large-leaf fast-growing Sophora japonica is the most potential in agriculture-stock production.The characteristics and development value of large-leaf fast-growing Sophora japonica were summarized,and the highly effective cultivation,rapid seedling raising,harvested and use,introduction and storage technology of large-leaf fast-growing Sophora japonica were introduced.

The existing form,composition,enzymatic synthesis process,influence factors of synthesis and increasing-yield technique of extracellular polysaccharides of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were reviewed;then,the function and use of extracellular polysaccharide of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were introduced;finally,the breeding problem of Leuconostoc mesenteroides for fermentation uses,the production problems of micro-ecological preparation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides for feeding and the development problem of Leuconostoc mesenteroides for oligo prebiotics additive were discussed.

Wet fermented protein feed of maize product with sealed package that was fermented by probiotic bacteria after yeast fermentation and alcohol extraction.Because it had good solubility,strong digestion and absorption abilities,rich and high-quality protein,the growth speed of beef cattle was fast when it was used in the fattening of beef cattle.The slaughter rate of 15 fattening cattle from 2 breeding farms that was fed with wet fermented protein feed was compared with that of 425 fattening cattle from 24 breeding farms that was mot fed with wet fermented protein feed.It was shown that the slaughter rate of beef cattle showed highly positive correlation with the slaughter weight（R2=0.952 8）.And the slaughter rate of fattening cattle that was fed with wet fermented protein feed in the whole test period was 3.65 percentage points higher than that of fattening cattle that was fed with conventional feed,and thus the income for each cattle increased 640 yuan.Therefore,the economic benefit of the beef cattle＇s fattening was significantly enhanced by feeding with wet fermented protein feed.

From the view of grassland ecosystem conceptions of herdsmen,the relationship between grassland degradation and ecological concept of herdsmen in Northern Tibet was analyzed,and the current ecological concept characteristics of herdsmen in Northern Tibet and influencing factors were put forward.Six counties in Northern Tibet were investigated,and the ecological concept characteristics of local herdsmen were studied by using questionnaires and site interviews.From the perspective of grassland users in northern Tibet,the problems of grassland protection and other issues were discussed in order to provide reference for policy makers and researchers.

There are four species belonging to Rhododendron genus,Ericaceae family in Haibei State,such as Rdodendron przewalskii Maxim.,Rhododendron anthopogonlides Maxim.,Rhododendron capitatum Maxim.and Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim..The morphological characteristics,pharmacological properties,production and sales as well as development prospects of Rhododendron genus were introduced.

There were tow kinds of Saussurea plants of Asteraceae with higher medicinal values in Haibei State of Qinghai Province.They were Saussurea medusa Maxim.and Saussurea hypsipeta Diels,which were both snow lotuses.The species morphological characteristics,biological characteristics,identification method and development foreground of Saussurea plants were introduced.

Climatic warming,overloaded graze,mouse and insect pests,water and soil erosion,the decrease of biology diversity and other factors aggravated the degradation of ecological environment of natural grassland and seriously restricted the sustainable development of grassland resources in Qinghai Province.The current status of grassland resources in Qinghai Province was systemically analyzed.And a series of protection and construction measures of grassland resources were proposed,so as to enter the benign cycle of grassland ecosystem.

Partridge in 28 day-age（17） infected liver-intestine mixed coccidiosis of a special animals livestock farm.After ineffective treatment,they were all dead.Diagnosis and treatment of the case have been introduced,and prevention work is an important way to control.

The discovery,basic research and progress of MSTN in human,livestock and poultry production in recent years were summarized,furthermore the application prospects of MSTN gene were explored.