The objective of this study was to accurately determine the appropriate amount and period of adding soybean protein hydrolysate in the diet of weaned piglets. A total of 48 （half male and half female） 14-day-old, healthy and just weaned three-way crossbred piglets （Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire） with similar weight were selected in this study. The experimental piglets were randomly assigned into the following three groups group Ⅰ was served as a control, in which no dietary supplementation of soybean protein hydrolysate was made; group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were used as experimental groups, in which 3.0% and 4.0% of soybean protein hydrolysate were supplemented in the basal diet, respectively. The pretrial period was 7 days, and the formal trial period lasted for 28 days. The results showed that in the first three weeks of the experiment, the average week weight and average daily gain of piglets in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those in group Ⅰ; in the first week of the experiment, the average daily feed intake of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in group Ⅰ; in the first two weeks of the experiment, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ had significantly （P<0.05) lower feed to gain ratio compared with group Ⅰ; in the first three weeks of the experiment, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ had significantly （P<0.05） lower diarrhea rate in each week than group Ⅰ; significantly （P<0.05） better performance in utilizations of dietary dry matter and crude protein were observed in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ compared to group Ⅰ. The combined data suggest that the dietary supplementation of soybean protein hydrolysate can effectively improve the production performance and the utilization rate of nutrients in weaned piglets. The 3.0% of soybean protein hydrolysate is recommended to be supplemented in basal diet of weaned piglets from 15 to 42 days of age.

Due to the vital impacts of digestive tract microflora diversity on livestock health, it is particularly important to reveal the composition and function of the colonized microflora. However, the in vitro culture under the aerobic environment of some certain bacterial species which are colonized in the anaerobic environment of animals′ digestive tract is restricted. This results in deviations in analysis of dominant microflora in the digestive tract due to information missing. Some molecular biological methods are helpful to avoid this situation. These methods include sequencing methods as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, among which sequencing methods include fingerprint and high-throughput sequencing methods, and qualitative and quantitative analysis methods include fluorescent in situ hybridization and real-time quantitative PCR method. These methods are based on molecular biology level and can directly reveal the composition and function of the digestive tract microflora without the step of in vitro culture.This article describes the principles, advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and discusses their current applications in diversity analysis of animals′ digestive tract microflora. It provides a reference for the selection and combinative use of different molecular biological methods in digestive tract microflora analysis in livestock.

[Objective] To evaluate the nutritional components of a fermented mixed feed prepared with forage mulberry powder （at a 15% ratio） and corn stalk, and to assess the effects of feeding this fermented mixed feed on intake, growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility in lambs. [Method] A total of 100 3-month-old healthy weaned lambs were selected and were randomly divided into 5 groups, including experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and a control group. There were 20 lambs for each group, and there was no significant difference in initial body weights of the lambs between different groups （P>0.05). The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with 15% fermented mixed feed （containing 15% forage mulberry）, 15% fermented corn stalk, 15% forage mulberry, and 15% corn stalk, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 45 days. [Result] Comparing fermented mixed feed with fermented corn stalk and forage mulberry, no significant differences in contents of DM, Ash and EE were observed （P>0.05）, while significant differences in contents of total amino acids and CP were observed （P<0.05）;there was significant difference in content of CF between fermented mixed feed and forage mulberry （P<0.05）; comparing fermented mixed feed with fermented corn stalk and forage mulberry, significant difference in content of NDF was observed （P<0.05）; there was significant difference in content of ADF between fermented mixed feed and fermented corn stalk （P<0.05）. The experimental group Ⅰ had significantly increased feed intake compared to the experimental groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and the control group （P<0.05）; significantly higher values of individual average weight gain, average daily gain, roughage intake and feed conversion rate were observed in the experimental group Ⅰ compared to the remaining groups （P<0.05）; no intergroup difference in the apparent digestibility of DM and EE was found （P>0.05）; there were significant differences in apparent digestibilities of NDF, ADF, Ca and P between the experimental group Ⅰ and the other groups （P<0.05）. [Conclusion]The fermented mixed feed

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of transferring foreign genes on the growth characteristics, fatty acid content in the tissues and the distribution of intestinal microflora of mouse. The FAD3 gene-edited mice were used as the experimental group and the BDF1 mice were used as the control group. The mice were reared in the same condition and were killed at 45 days of age. The body weights, organ weights and unsaturated fatty acid contents in the muscles of the two groups of mice were measured, and the distribution of the cecum microflora was detected by PCR-DGGE targeting at the V₃ variable region of 16S rDNA. The results showed that the liver weight of the mice in the FAD3 group was significantly （P<0.05） lower than that in the control group, and there was no significant （P>0.05) difference in the weights of other organs and body weights between the two groups. The content of muscular n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids （n-6 PUFAs） of the FAD3 group was lower than that of the control group, but there was no significant （P>0.05） difference; while the content of muscular n-3 PUFAs of the FAD3 group was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of the control group. The cecum flora distribution of the two groups of mice displayed obvious individual differences, and no significant difference in cecum flora distribution was observed between the two groups. Anaerotaenia torta was a common dominant bacterial species of the two groups, while Flavonifractor plautii was probably a strain unique to the FAD3 group. The results suggest that the introduction of the foreign gene FAD3 has minor effects on growth performance and cecum microflora in mouse, and can increase the content of n-3 PUFAs in mouse muscle.

The cashmere growth of cashmere goat has the characteristic of periodicity and is affected by many factors. Wnt10b gene, as one of the important members of Wnt family, plays an important role in the formation of fat and bone, occurrence of some diseases （such as tumor）, generation of hair follicle, and the growth and active state maintenance of hair plate in animal. In this paper, the origin, structure, physiological function, regulatory mechanism of Wnt10b and its influence on the growth cycle of hair follicle are reviewed, in hoping to provide reference for understanding the mechanism of Wnt10b in promoting the periodic growth of cashmere.

In order to investigate the distributive characteristics of soil nematode communities in Stipa breviflora desert steppe and to assess the effects of different grazing intensities on soil nematode communities, a systematic investigation on soil nematode communities in four test plots with different grazing intensities in Stipa breviflora desert steppe was conducted. A total of 7 200 nematodes per 100 g dry soil belonging to 18 genera were obtained in the test areas. The two genera of Acrobeloides and Acrobeles accounted for 22.78% and 41.90% of the total number of individuals, respectively, and they were the dominant genera in this region. Diversity analysis showed that the light grazing plot had higher number of individuals and species richness of nematode communities compared to the other grazing intensity plots. The highest community diversity index was observed in the control plot, followed by the light grazing plot, heavy grazing plot and moderate grazing plot. The community uniformity index was heavy grazing plot > control plot >（light grazing plot = moderate grazing plot）. The ecological index analysis revealed that the maturity index was light grazing plot > control plot > moderate grazing plot > heavy grazing plot, indicating that the soil of light grazing plot and control plot was more stable, while that of the heavy grazing plot was mostly prone to be disturbed by external activities. The highest channel index was observed in the moderate grazing plot, followed by the heavy grazing plot, light grazing plot and control plot. Furthermore, via multiple stepwise regression analysis between the environmental factors including plant community diversity, biomass, coverage, average height, dry weight of litter, soil moisture, soil pH value, soil organic matter and other environmental factors of plots with different grazing intensities and the community characteristic indexes, the key ecological variables that affected the soil nematode communities under grazing conditions were determined. Our results provide a reference for determining the grazing intensity that is beneficial to the maintenance of the biodiversity of nematode communities in desert steppe.

In this study, a total of 9 different forage varieties collected from domestic and foreign countries were planted in saline-alkali soils with single-sowing and two mixed sowing treatments. To select the suitable green manure varieties for cultivation in saline-alkali land, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen （alkali nitrogen）, available potassium and soil pH value were determined in two different period （booting stage and green manuring period） after planting. The results showed that different forages effectively increased the soil organic matter contents, and the groups of Avena sativa L. cv. Tianyan 2 + Pisum sativum L. cv. Caoyuan 224, Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Xinjiang, Pisum sativum L. cv. Dangdibai, and Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Savane were more effective, which were 4.76, 4.00, 3.44 and 3.14 times higher than that of the control group. In addition, different forages had different degrees of improvement in soil N, P and K, and Vicia sativa L. cv. Nacre, Pisum sativum L. cv. Caoyuan 224, Pisum sativum L. cv. Dangdihei and Pisum sativum L. cv. Dangdibai performed better, all of which were significantly higher than that of the control （P<0.05）group. The contents of available nitrogen and available potassium were increased after different green manure treatment, among which Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Xinjiang, Pisum sativum L. cv. Dangdibai and Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Savane performed better. Different forages had different effects on soil pH value after green manuring treatment, but the treatments of Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Savane, Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Xinjiang and Pisum sativum L. cv. Dangdibai showed significantly reduction （P<0.05）. In conclusion, Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Xinjiang, Pisum sativum L. cv. Dangdibai and Vicia villosa Roth. cv. Savane are more suitable as green manure crops grown on saline-alkali land.

The rhizomatous grasses are widely distributed around the world and are often found in temperate grasslands and meadows as constructive species or dominant species. They have strong reproductive capacity and resistance, and play important roles in production and vegetation restoration. The plants′ own physiological characteristics determine their use value. This article summarizes the research advances on the physiological characteristics of rhizomatous grasses, and prospects its utilization, in hoping to provide reference for the application and promotion of rhizomatous grasses.

This study was designed to evaluate three different slaughter methods including heart pulling, electronical stunning and neck breaking on post-mortem muscular AMPK activity, glycolysis and edible quality of Mongolian sheep. The results showed that the activities of creatine kinase, AMPK and lactate dehydrogenase in the muscular samples of neck breaking slaughter group were all higher than those of heart pulling slaughter group and electronical stunning slaughter group; heart pulling slaughter group had higher values in drip loss, cooked meat rate and tenderness compared to the other two groups. It indicates that the slaughter methods of heart pulling and electronical stunning are beneficial to inhibit the stress response during the slaughter process of mutton sheep, while the heart pulling slaughter method is conductive to improve the edible quality of mutton.

The objectives of this study were to reveal the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in the traditional fermented yogurts, and to accumulate food microbial resources. Two fermented yogurt samples were collected from Zhenglan Banner of Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia. The lactic acid bacteria in the samples were isolated with traditional purification and culture techniques, and were subsequently identified using 16S rDNA gene PCR and sequencing in combination with the construction of phylogenetic tree. The results showed that a total of 15 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified as 9 species belonging to 3 genera. The 3 identified genera were Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, and the 9 observed species were Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae （n=3）, Lactococcus lactis （n=1）, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris （n=1）, Leuconostoc lactis （n=3）, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides （n=1）, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum （n=1）, Lactobacillus plantarum （n=1）, Lactobacillus paracasei （n=3）, and Lactobacillus casei （n=1）. In summary, the collected yogurt samples are rich in lactic acid bacteria resources, and are potential microbial resources for the research, development and industrial production of excellent fermenting agents for traditional dairy products in Inner Mongolia.

In this study, a total of five kinds of vitamins including VA, VB₂, pantothenic acid, VC and VE in the bovine milk samples collected at Hohhot City of Inner Mongolia were quantitatively determined and analyzed. The results showed that the detection rates of VA, VB₂, pantothenic acid and VE were all 100%, and that of VC was 87.5%. Furthermore, the seasonal effect on the contents of vitamins in the bovine milk samples were investigated. It was demonstrated that the content of VB₂ and pantothenic acid was relatively stable and was minorly affected by the seasons. The content of VA and VE varied seasonally, and the obvious fluctuation in the content of VC among different seasons was found, which might attribute to both of its own property and seasonal factors. This study has guiding significance for strengthening the requirements on vitamin content index of dairy products enterprises, and also provides more accurate data for the researchers in further studies.

In May 2019, the United States raised tariffs on US $ 200 billion worth of Chinese goods exported to the United States from 10% to 25%. After a pause of several months, the Sino-US trade friction restarted again, and the world′s pork production and trade pattern also faced new changes. This paper summarizes the regional pattern of pork production and trade in the world, analyzes the characteristics of pork production and trade and the revealing comparative advantage of major importing and exporting countries, and discusses the impacts of Sino-US trade friction on world pork production and trade pattern. The main results and conclusions are as follows the relatively monopolistic pattern and high volatility of the world pork market will not change for a long period of time; pork production and export from other major producing countries such as the United State, Canada, Brazil will show a wax and wane trend; there are many variables in the relatively scattered world pork import pattern; the basic situation of China′s massive pork import will not change in the short term.

The contradiction between agricultural and animal husbandry system restricts the coordinated development of agricultural and animal husbandry industry in the farming-pastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia. Taking the Horqin Zuoyi Rear Banner of Inner Mongolia as the research sample, based on the system coupling theory, the evaluation index system of agricultural and animal husbandry system coupling was constructed concentrating on the agricultural and animal husbandry economic development indicators; quantitative methods such as entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree model were used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the coupling coordination degree of the agricultural and animal husbandry system in Horqin Zuoyi Rear Banner. The results showed that from year 2008 to 2017, the comprehensive development index of planting and animal husbandry in Horqin Zuoyi Rear Banner was increased year by year, and the developmental rate of animal husbandry was faster than that of planting; the coupling degree between planting and animal husbandry was at a relatively lower level, and the coupling degree was below 0.1 before year 2012; beginning from year 2012, the coupling degree of agricultural and animal husbandry system was elevated year by year, and peaked in year 2016; from the perspective of coupling and coordinating developmental types, Horqin Zuoyi Rear Banner was in the extremely uncoupled and uncoordinated developmental stage of the agricultural and animal husbandry system before year 2012; it gradually became coordinated from year 2012 and reached a well-coupled and coordinated developmental stage in year 2016. Some corresponding suggestions on improving the coupling of agricultural and animal husbandry system in this region are proposed as follows accelerating the adjustment of agricultural and animal husbandry structure, strengthening cooperative economic organizations, vigorously develop high-quality forage planting, promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, accelerating infrastructure construction, and enhancing the construction of agricultural talents and think tanks.

Mutton sheep farming is an important part of animal husbandry industry in Tibetan areas of Yunnan Province, and it is a significant source for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income and become rich. In order to understand the current situation of the mutton sheep industry in Weixi County, Yunnan Province, a total of 128 households from 47 villages in 10 towns were investigated by means of home visits and questionnaires. It was found that there were some existing problems in mutton sheep farming in Weixi County, such as lacking of effective genetic improvement planning, backward farming methods, deficient scale, low breeding efficiency and benefits. Suggestions on mutton sheep industry development in this region are proposed as follows enhancing the collection and protection of local sheep varieties with characteristics, strengthening the introduction and promotion of elite mutton sheep varieties, increasing standardization level of moderate-scale breeding, and improving the construction of technology research, development and promotion systems.

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC/MS-MS） method for determination of florfenicol and florfenicol amine residues in poultry eggs was established. The electrospray ion source （ESI）, multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）, and positive and negative ion mode were simultaneously used for scanning and detection, and the internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Poultry egg samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and acetonitrile after alkalization, then extracted with n-Hexane, and finally analyzed by UPLC/MS-MS. The results showed that the detection limit （LODs） of the established method was 0.1 μg/kg, and the quantification limit （LOQs） was 0.2 μg/kg. There was a good linear relationship in the range of 0.2-200 μg/L, the average recovery rates of the three added concentrations were 70%-110%, and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was less than 10%. In conclusion, the UPLC-MS/MS method established in this study is simple, efficient, accurate and reliable, and can be used for determination of florfenicol and florfenicol amine residues in poultry eggs.

In order to scientifically understand and systematically evaluate the safety and antioxidant activity of Pseudostellaria heterophylla extract at the cellular level, the associated published literatures indexed in domestic and foreign databases were retrieved according to the PICOS search strategy, and Stata software was used for Meta evidence-based statistical analysis. A total of 18 studies in 11 articles were included, and the total samples were 482. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the Pseudostellaria heterophylla test group had no significant difference in in vitro cytotoxicity tests compared with control group [SMD=0.22, 95% CI （-0.22, 0.66）, P=0.219>0.05]; Pseudostellaria heterophylla significantly improved the cell survival rate [SMD=0.96, 95% CI （0.15, 1.77）, P<0.05], significantly decreased the apoptosis rate [SMD=-2.38, 95% CI （-3.21,-1.54）, P<0.01], significantly elevated the intracellular superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity [SMD=1.65, 95% CI（0.97, 2.32）, P<0.01], and significantly reduced the intracellular malondialdehyde （MDA） content [SMD=-1.99, 95% CI （-2.68 , -1.29）, P<0.01] in the in vitro tests; the systematic description result of inhibiting hemolysis of erythrocytes in vitro was positive, the sensitivity analysis result was robust, and the publication bias was weak. Based on the existing literatures, Pseudostellaria heterophylla extract has good safety and antioxidant activity at the cellular level.

In this study, the preventative efficacy of Sanhuanglian Powder against artificially induced Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia was assessed, and the large-scale clinical application effect and safety of Sanhuanglian Powder with recommended dosage of 13.2 g/kg feed in production was evaluated. A total of 3 groups including Sanhuanglian Powder experimental group, traditional Chinese medicine control group, and blank control group were included in this study, and there were 300 tilapia in each group. After a 7-day continuous administration, 30 fishes were randomly selected from each group for the measurements of weight gain rate, organ index, blood physiological and biochemical indicators as well as liver antioxidant indexes. On the 8th day after medication, the fishes were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae by artificial cohabitation infection, and the protection rate was calculated on the 14th day after the challenge. The results showed that after the 7 days administration, compared with the blank control group, Sanhuanglian Powder experimental group had obviously increased weight gain rate, organ index and multiple liver antioxidant indexes, and had no obvious abnormality in blood physiological and biochemical indicators generally. The protective rate of Sanhuanglian Powder against the artificially induced Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia was 43.67%. In conclusion, Sanhuanglian Powder can improve the immune resistance and reduce the mortality rate of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae infection.

The objectives of this study were to understand the prevalence of several viral infectious diseases with clinical importance in large-scale pig farms near Liaocheng, Shandong Province, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS）, porcine epidemic diarrhea （PED）, classical swine fever （CSF）, porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2） infection and porcine pseudorabies （PR）, and to evaluate the antibody protection level against the infections caused by these viral pathogens. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect and analyze the blood samples from 6 large-scale pig farms near Liaocheng. The results showed that the overall antibody positive rates of PCV-2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）, classical swine fever virus （CSFV）, pseudorabies virus-gB （PRV-gB）, and PRV-gE were 69.64%, 87.76%, 74.17%, 87.10% and 77.04%, respectively. Furthermore, the antibody positive rates of PCV-2, PRRSV, CSFV and PRV-gB exhibited an upward trend compared with the previous years, indicating that the pig farms had begun to attach importance to the vaccine prevention. However, the positive rate of PRV-gE has reached up to over 70%, which tells a potential risk of wild-type PRV infection and attention should be constantly given.

[Objective] To provide a scientific immunization program for the prevention and control of wild-type pseudorabies virus infection in a large-scale pig farm. [Method] Epidemiological investigation was carried out in the infected pigs that immunized with the classical strain of Bartha-K61, and the serum levels of gB and gE antibodies were detected by ELISA. [Result] The epidemiological investigation, pathological autopsy and serum antibody detection preliminarily confirmed that the affected pigs were infected by wild-type pseudorabies virus. Through the emergency immunization of vaccine prepared with pseudorabies virus HB2000 strain, adjustment of immunization procedures and implementation of drug health care measures, the mortality rate of finishing pigs was reduced from 2.56% to 0.60%; except for 4-week-old and 12-week-old pigs, the antibody levels against the wild-type pseudorabies virus of the other pigs were all decreased; the positive rate against the wild-type pseudorabies virus of the stud boars and 8-week-old, 10-week-old and 14-week-old pigs was 0. [Conclusion] The Bartha-K61 vaccine cannot provide the complete protection. It can effectively control the infection of wild-type pseudorabies virus by emergency immunization of vaccine prepared with HB2000 strain that sharing high homology with the prevalent viral strain. Furthermore, strengthening of the biological safety measures is also helpful and urgent.

Single or multiple etiological factors are usually considered to be involved in sheep alopecia. In this study, we conducted the diagnosis and treatment process of clinical cases of sheep alopecia in a sheep farm. After a preliminary diagnosis based on clinical symptoms in combination with an epidemiological investigation, a total of 22 suspected cases of sheep alopecia were found. Ten of them were randomly selected and 19 kinds of elements in sheep serum collected were determined. The results demonstrated that the serum levels of Zn and I were significantly lower and lower than the reference value, respectively, and there were 3 samples with slightly lower serum level of Cu compared with the reference value. According to the results of preliminary diagnosis, parasite detection as well as macroelements and microelements detection, the etiological factor of sheep alopecia in this farm was considered as the lack of Zn, I and Cu. After a 2-week-long supplementation of the corresponding elements, all of the 22 sheep with alopecia were cured with the cure rate of 100%.

This study aimed to investigate the infection status and species distribution of Cryptosporidium in resident yak calves in selected areas of Datong County of Qinghai Province. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from the 3- to 5-month-old calves in Baoku Township and Liangjiao Township of Datong County, and were subsequently detected for the presence of Cryptosporidium. After all of the samples were purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, immunofluorescence test （IFT） method was used to screen the presence of Cryptosporidium, and the positive samples were further confirmed by using nested-PCR assay targeting 18S rDNA. The obtained positive PCR products were sequenced and subjected to homology analysis to identify the Cryptosporidium at species level. The results showed that there were 3 samples confirmed positive for the presence of Cryptosporidium by using IFT, with the positive rate of 1.5% （3/200）; the 18S rDNA of these positive samples were amplified by nested-PCR assay, and 2 of them produced a positive product with length of 500 bp; after sequencing, the obtained sequences were designated as QHDTC201901 and QHDTC201902; phylogenetic analysis revealed that two species of Cryptosporidium were identified, Cryptosporidium andersoni （C. andersoni） and Cryptosporidium bovis （C. bovis）, with a total infection rate of 1.0% （2/200）. In conclusion, the Cryptosporidium infection in yak calves in selected areas of Datong County was observed, and the prevalent species were molecularly identified as C. andersoni and C. bovis. This study provides basic clinical data for the prevention and control of yak cryptosporidiosis in this region.

［Objective］ To optimize the pre-treatment conditions of fixation and dehydration of paraffin sections preparation. ［Method］ The fixation effects of Bouin fixative solution and 4% paraformaldehyde solution at 4 ℃ and room temperature with different fixation duration were compared, and the dehydration effects of 6 h and 18 h were also contrasted. ［Result］ Either fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde solution at 4 ℃ for 24 h and then dehydration for 18 h, or fixation with Bouin fixative solution at 4 ℃ or room temperature for 24 h and then dehydration for 6 h, satisfied consequent of subsequent paraffin section preparation was obtained. ［Conclusion］ Fixation with Bouin fixative solution at room temperature for 24 h and then dehydration for 6 h can be used as the best pre-treatment plan for preparing paraffin sections of horse testis in the field.

Animal physiology is the science that studies the phenomena and laws of normal animal life activities. It is a bridge connecting basic veterinary medicine, preventive veterinary medicine and clinical veterinary medicine. The interpretation of the Nobel Prize history based on the PBL teaching method was applied in bilingual teaching of Animal Physiology including interpreting the relevant Nobel Prize achievements of the course through the teacher demonstration and assigning interpretation tasks to undergraduates, analyzing, discussing and formulating interpretation programs by undergraduates, interpreting the Nobel Prize achievements in the form of courseware by undergraduates, summarizing and commenting by teacher, in hoping to comprehensively improve undergraduates′ subjective initiative, to cultivate undergraduates′ basic scientific research quality and innovative thinking ability, and to provide solutions for further improving the teaching quality of Animal Physiology.

Animal Physiology, as one of the professional basic courses in agricultural colleges, has complex and abstract contents and fast knowledge update. According to the characteristics of the Animal Physiology, some explorations were made relying on the Superstar Fanya network teaching platform from the aspects of course content design, undergraduates′ participation improvement, online and offline mixed teaching model construction, and assessment methods reform, in hoping to provide a basis for improving the teaching quality of Animal Physiology and a reference for the construction of similar online open courses.

Equine Production is one of the important professional courses for undergraduates majoring in animal science in agricultural universities and colleges in traditional horse breeding areas. This course is a combination of theory and practice. Based on the current setting status of Equine Production, we analyzed the commonly observed difficulties during the teaching process of this course in universities and colleges, and explained the necessity of conducting the ′industry-university-research′ cooperation teaching mode. Orienting towards the demand for professional talents in the horse industry market and aiming to improve the undergraduates′ practical skills and the quality of education and teaching, College of Animal Science of Xinjiang Agricultural University constructed an ′ industry-university-research′ cooperative teaching mode suitable for Equine Production in combination with the practical experience of other related courses of the college by establishing teaching staffs with ′double teaching-ability′, reconstructing curriculum content, reforming teaching methods, and building practical platforms. This cooperative teaching mode has been laying the foundation for cultivating high-quality and complex applied talents in horse industry that met the requirements of the new era.