秸秆覆盖条耕对黑土区玉米田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.04.07

北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 59-72.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.04.07

秸秆覆盖条耕对黑土区玉米田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

杨志红¹, 梁红伟², 王天昊¹, 王振¹, 王永强¹, 王富贵¹, 田磊³, 罗方⁴, 白岚方¹, 王志刚¹

1.内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特 010019;
2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031;
3.兴安盟扎赉特旗农牧和科技局,内蒙古扎赉特旗 137600;
4.阿荣旗农业事业发展中心,内蒙古阿荣旗 162750

收稿日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-10-09
通讯作者: 王志刚（1983—）,男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事寒旱区作物生理生态方面的研究工作。白岚方（1992—）,女,讲师,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事寒旱区作物生理生态方面的研究工作。
作者简介:杨志红（2000—）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为寒旱区作物生理生态。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（32460534）; 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500902-4）; 内蒙古自治区重点研发与成果转化项目（2022YFDZ0041）; 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2024QN03008,2024JQ09）; 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费（BR251305）

Effects of straw-mulched strip tillage on soil organic carbon and its fractions in maize fields in the black soil region

YANG Zhihong¹, LIANG Hongwei², WANG Tianhao¹, WANG Zhen¹, WANG Yongqiang¹, WANG Fugui¹, TIAN Lei³, LUO Fang⁴, BAI Lanfang¹, WANG Zhigang¹

1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
3. Bureau of Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology of Jalaid Banner of Hinggan League,Jalaid Banner 137600,China;
4. Agricultural Development Center of Arun Banner,Arun Banner 162750,China

Received:2025-06-05 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确秸秆覆盖条耕对大兴安岭沿麓黑土区玉米田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响,为该地区土壤质量提升与可持续利用提供依据。【方法】试验于2023—2024年在内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗和呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗开展,共设置5种耕作方式：常规垄作（CP）、秸秆离田免耕（NT）、秸秆覆盖免耕（RNT）、秸秆覆盖秋收条耕（RST_A）、秸秆覆盖春播条耕（RST_S）,分别测定播种前与收获后0~5、5~20、20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳及其组分含量,计算有机碳储量和土壤碳库管理指数,并分析对玉米产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】在RST_S耕作方式下,与CP相比,扎赉特旗和阿荣旗2023年收获后0~5、5~20 cm土层,土壤有机碳含量分别显著提高10.89%、10.07%和6.09%、3.66%（P<0.05）,颗粒有机碳含量分别显著提高39.78%、28.49%和37.56%、28.49%（P<0.05）,轻组有机碳含量分别显著提高29.12%、33.82%和21.87%、28.43%（P<0.05）,易氧化有机碳含量分别显著提高42.51%、45.19%和38.46%、31.60%（P<0.05）;2024年播种前和收获后0~5、5~20、20~40 cm土层,土壤有机碳含量平均分别提高12.50%、10.67%、7.84%和7.56%、5.73%、6.21%,颗粒有机碳含量平均分别提高41.10%、28.79%、19.99%和43.88%、38.19%、17.80%,轻组有机碳含量平均分别提高57.00%、77.45%、36.07%和25.65%、25.81%、5.92%,易氧化有机碳含量平均分别提高44.46%、44.19%、30.21%和40.53%、37.30%、25.05%。两年内,扎赉特旗和阿荣旗0~5、5~20、20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳储量平均较CP分别提高8.01%、5.56%、1.78%和7.15%、1.43%、1.62%;两试验区碳库管理指数平均较CP分别提高100.02%和99.62%。两年内,扎赉特旗和阿荣旗RST_S耕作方式的玉米籽粒产量均显著高于其他耕作方式（P<0.05）,平均较CP分别提高8.56%和13.17%。【结论】秸秆覆盖春播条耕促进了土壤有机碳及其组分的积累,并显著提高了玉米籽粒产量,兼顾土壤培肥与增产效应,是较为适宜大兴安岭沿麓黑土区玉米田土壤固碳培肥的耕作方式。

关键词: 黑土区, 秸秆覆盖条耕, 土壤有机碳及其组分, 碳库管理指数, 玉米, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To clarify the effects of straw-mulched strip tillage on soil organic carbon and its fractions in maize fields in the black soil region along the foothills of Daxing′anling Mountains,and to provide a basis for soil quality improvement and sustainable utilization in this region.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Jalaid Banner of Hinggan League and Arun Banner of Hulun Buir City in Inner Mongolia from 2023 to 2024. Five tillage methods were established： conventional ridge tillage（CP）,no-tillage with straw removal（NT）,no-tillage with straw mulching（RNT）,straw-mulched strip tillage after autumn harvest（RST_A）,and straw-mulched strip tillage before spring sowing（RST_S）. The soil organic carbon and its fraction contents in 0-5,5-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers before sowing and after harvest were measured respectively. Organic carbon storage and soil carbon pool management index were calculated,and the effects on maize yield and its components were analyzed.【Results】Under the RST_S tillage method,compared with CP,in 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm soil layers after harvest in 2023 in Jalaid Banner and Arun Banner,the soil organic carbon contents significantly increased by 10.89%,10.07% and 6.09%,3.66%,respectively（P<0.05）,the particulate organic carbon contents significantly increased by 39.78%,28.49% and 37.56%,28.49%,respectively（P<0.05）,the light-fraction organic carbon contents significantly increased by 29.12%,33.82% and 21.87%,28.43%,respectively（P<0.05）,and the easily oxidized organic carbon contents significantly increased by 42.51%,45.19% and 38.46%,31.60%,respectively（P<0.05）;in 0-5,5-20,20-40 cm soil layers before sowing and after harvest in 2024,the soil organic carbon contents increased by an average of 12.50%,10.67%,7.84% and 7.56%,5.73%,6.21%,respectively,the particulate organic carbon contents increased by an average of 41.10%,28.79%,19.99% and 43.88%,38.19%,17.80%,respectively,the light-fraction organic carbon contents increased by an average of 57.00%,77.45%,36.07% and 25.65%,25.81%,5.92%,respectively,and the easily oxidized organic carbon contents increased by an average of 44.46%,44.19%,30.21% and 40.53%,37.30%,25.05%,respectively. Over the two years,in 0-5,5-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in Jalaid Banner and Arun Banner,compared with CP,the soil organic carbon storage increased by an average of 8.01%,5.56%,1.78% and 7.15%,1.43%,1.62%,respectively;compared with CP,the carbon pool management index in the two experimental areas increased by an average of 100.02% and 99.62%,respectively. Over the two years,the maize grain yield under the RST_S tillage method in Jalaid Banner and Arun Banner were significantly higher than those under other tillage methods（P<0.05）,with average increases of 8.56% and 13.17%,respectively,compared with CP.【Conclusion】Straw-mulched strip tillage before spring sowing promotes the accumulation of soil organic carbon and its fractions,and significantly increases maize grain yield,achieving both soil fertility improvement and yield increase effects. It is a relatively suitable tillage method for soil carbon sequestration and fertilization in maize fields in the black soil region along the foothills of Daxing′anling Mountains.

Key words: Black soil region, Straw-mulched strip tillage, Soil organic carbon and its fractions, Carbon pool management index, Maize, Yield

中图分类号:

S513

杨志红, 梁红伟, 王天昊, 王振, 王永强, 王富贵, 田磊, 罗方, 白岚方, 王志刚. 秸秆覆盖条耕对黑土区玉米田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2026, 54(4): 59-72.

YANG Zhihong, LIANG Hongwei, WANG Tianhao, WANG Zhen, WANG Yongqiang, WANG Fugui, TIAN Lei, LUO Fang, BAI Lanfang, WANG Zhigang. Effects of straw-mulched strip tillage on soil organic carbon and its fractions in maize fields in the black soil region[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2026, 54(4): 59-72.

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秸秆覆盖条耕对黑土区玉米田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

Effects of straw-mulched strip tillage on soil organic carbon and its fractions in maize fields in the black soil region

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