玉米大豆间作对作物根长密度和土壤养分空间分布的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.01.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究新疆绿洲地区玉米大豆间作对作物根长密度和土壤养分空间分布的影响,旨在为提高间作模式生产力提供参考。【方法】以玉米品种郑单958和大豆品种东升5号为试验材料,设单作玉米（MM）、单作大豆（MS）和玉米大豆间作（IMS）3个处理。于拔节期、吐丝期、成熟期测定0~60 cm土层作物的根长密度（RLD）及土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷含量,并分析产量与土地当量比（LER）。【结果】全生育期,间作玉米（IM）总根长密度相较于MM平均提高49.43%,间作大豆（IS）相较于MS平均提高90.67%;IM在0~20 cm土层土壤有机质含量相较于MM平均降低14.11%,IS在20~40 cm土层相较于MS平均提高8.57%;IM在0~20、20~40 cm土层土壤全氮含量相较于MM平均分别提高16.68%、29.05%,IS在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层相较于MS平均分别降低24.51%、31.20%、42.80%;IM在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层土壤全磷含量相较于MM平均分别提高27.84%、59.67%、141.55%,IS在20~40 cm土层相较于MS平均降低13.59%、在40~60 cm土层平均显著提高134.01%（P<0.05）;IM在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量相较于MM平均分别降低6.97%、7.30%、25.37%;IS相较于MS平均分别降低5.72%、17.46%、45.66%;IM在40~60 cm土层土壤速效磷含量相较于MM平均降低31.10%;IS在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层相较于MS平均分别降低29.47%、21.93%和19.53%。IM的产量较MM显著降低21.49%（P<0.05）、IS的产量较MS显著降低35.50%（P<0.05）,但玉米大豆间作的LER值为1.43>1,具有间作优势。【结论】玉米大豆间作虽然使土壤速效养分竞争激烈、作物产量受抑,但通过根系空间互补仍可提高土壤养分含量和作物总体产量,间作优势显著。

关键词: 玉米, 大豆, 间作, 根长密度, 土壤养分, 空间分布

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the effects of maize-soybean intercropping on crop root length density and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in the oasis region of Xinjiang,aiming to provide a reference for improving the productivity of intercropping patterns. 【Methods】 Using maize variety Zhengdan 958 and soybean variety Dongsheng No. 5 as experimental materials,three treatments were set：monocropped maize（MM）,monocropped soybean（MS）,and maize-soybean intercropping（IMS）. Crop root length density（RLD）,as well as organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in the 0-60 cm soil layer at the jointing,silking,and maturity stages,were measured. The yield and land equivalent ratio（LER） were also analyzed. 【Results】 Whole growth period,the total root length density of intercropped maize（IM） increased by an average of 49.43% compared with MM,while intercropped soybean（IS） increased by an average of 90.67% compared with MS;soil organic matter content in the 0-20 cm soil layer in IM decreased by an average of 14.11% compared with MM,while in the 20-40 cm soil layer in IS,it increased by an average of 8.57% compared with MS;soil total nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in IM increased by an average 16.68% and 29.05%,respectively,compared with MM,while in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm soil layers in IS,it decreased by an average 24.51%,31.20%,and 42.80%,respectively,compared with MS;soil total phosphorus content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm soil layers in IM increased by an average 27.84%,59.67%,and 141.55%,respectively,compared with MM,whereas in the 20-40 cm soil layer in IS,it decreased by an average 13.59% and in the 40-60 cm soil layer,it increased significantly by an average 134.01% compared with MS（P<0.05）;soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm soil layers in IM decreased by an average 6.97%,7.30%,and 25.37%,respectively,compared with MM,while in IS it decreased by an average 5.72%,17.46%,and 45.66%,respectively,compared with MS;soil available phosphorus content in the 40-60 cm soil layer in IM decreased by an average 31.10% compared with MM,and in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm soil layers in IS,it decreased by an average 29.47%,21.93%,and 19.53%,respectively,compared with MS. Yield of IM decreased significantly by 21.49% compared with MM（P<0.05）,and yield of IS decreased significantly by 35.50% compared with MS（P<0.05）. However,LER of the maize-soybean intercropping was 1.43（>1）,indicating an intercropping advantage. 【Conclusion】 Although maize-soybean intercropping leads to intense competition for soil available nutrients and a suppression in crop yield,it can still improve soil nutrient content and overall crop yield through root spatial complementarity,demonstrating a significant intercropping advantage.

Key words: Maize, Soybean, Intercropping, Root length density, Soil nutrients, Spatial distribution

中图分类号:

S344.2

李嘉怡, 陈俊利, 张文文, 张伟. 玉米大豆间作对作物根长密度和土壤养分空间分布的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2026, 54(1): 56-70.

LI Jiayi, CHEN Junli, ZHANG Wenwen, ZHANG Wei. Effects of maize-soybean intercropping on crop root length density and spatial distribution of soil nutrients[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2026, 54(1): 56-70.

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