不同有机物料配施化肥对山地猕猴桃产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.03.08

北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 76-84.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.03.08

不同有机物料配施化肥对山地猕猴桃产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

邵发琦¹, 王小亚², 李改民³, 柯斧¹, 张金池¹, 张文慧¹, 焦丛键¹, 张辉¹, 张会翰⁴, 黄琛⁵

1.安康市农业科学研究院,陕西安康 725021;
2.安康学院数学与统计学院,陕西安康 725000;
3.河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质勘查院,河南郑州 450001;
4.安康市蚕桑产业发展中心,陕西安康 725000;
5.平利县广佛镇农业农村服务中心,陕西广佛 725502

收稿日期:2026-01-04 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-08-11
作者简介:邵发琦（1992—）,男,农艺师,硕士,主要从事果树栽培技术方面的研究工作。
基金资助:
安康市农业科技攻关项目（AK2023-NYZC-02,AK2023-NYZC-04）

Effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on yield,quality of mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis Planch. and soil nutrients

SHAO Faqi¹, WANG Xiaoya², LI Gaimin³, KE Fu¹, ZHANG Jinchi¹, ZHANG Wenhui¹, JIAO Congjian¹, ZHANG Hui¹, ZHANG Huihan⁴, HUANG Chen⁵

1. Ankang Municipality Agricultural Science Research Institute,Ankang 725021,China;
2. School of Mathematics and Statistics,Ankang University,Ankang 725000,China;
3. The First Geological Exploration Institute,Henan Bureau of Geoexploration and Mineral Exploitation,Zhengzhou 450001,China;
4. Ankang Sericulture Industry Development Center,Ankang 725000,China;
5. Agricultural and Rural Service Center of Guangfo Town,Pingli County,Guangfo 725502,China

Received:2026-01-04 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-08-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究陕南地区不同有机物料配施化肥对山地猕猴桃产量、品质和土壤养分的影响,为山地猕猴桃优质高产栽培提供依据。【方法】以10年生徐香猕猴桃为试验材料,设置5个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（F）、化肥+牛粪+餐厨垃圾（FCF）、化肥+牛粪+枝条（FCB）、化肥+餐厨垃圾+枝条（FFB）,添加蚯蚓和微生物菌剂,分析不同处理对山地猕猴桃叶片生长及果实产量、品质和土壤养分的影响。【结果】各处理叶片和果实全氮、全磷、全钾含量均显著高于CK（P<0.05）,其中,FCF处理最优,较CK分别提高58.89%、68.42%、49.31%和60.00%、59.09%、44.05%。各处理叶片百叶鲜重、百叶干重、含水率、叶面积、百叶厚度、SPAD值均显著高于CK（P<0.05）,其中,FCF处理最优。各处理猕猴桃单果重、单株产量、硬度、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、果形指数均显著高于CK（P<0.05）,其中,FCF处理综合效果最优,较CK分别提高65.97%、56.04%、30.80%、50.06%、65.39%、42.22%、51.11%、5.60%。F、FCF、FCB、FFB处理产量和利润均高于CK,其中,FCF处理最优,分别为31.31 t/hm²和18.75万元/hm²。各处理均能显著提高土壤养分含量,其中,FCF处理效果最佳,0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别较CK提高79.87%、67.37%、131.21%、89.56%。【结论】化肥+牛粪+餐厨垃圾处理并添加蚯蚓和微生物菌剂,可实现山地猕猴桃果实优质高产、经济效益增加、土壤肥力提升,是适宜陕南山地猕猴桃优质高产的栽培施肥模式。

关键词: 山地猕猴桃, 果实, 叶片, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分, 有机物料

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on the yield,quality of mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis Planch. and soil nutrients in southern Shaanxi,and to provide a basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of mountain-grown A. chinensis Planch..【Methods】Ten-year-old Xuxiang A. chinensis Planch. was used as the experimental material,and five treatments were set up：no fertilization（CK）,application of chemical fertilizer alone（F）,chemical fertilizer+cow manure+kitchen waste（FCF）,chemical fertilizer+cow manure+branches（FCB）,chemical fertilizer+kitchen waste+branches（FFB）. Earthworms and microbial inoculants were added to each fertilization treatment. The effects of different treatments on leaf growth,fruit yield,quality of mountain-grown A. chinensis Planch. and soil nutrients were analyzed.【Results】The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in leaves and fruits of each treatment were significantly higher than those of CK（P<0.05）;among them,FCF treatment was the best,which was 58.89%,68.42%,49.31% and 60.00%,59.09%,44.05% higher than CK,respectively. The fresh weight per 100 leaves,dry weight per 100 leaves,water content,leaf area,thickness per 100 leaves and SPAD value in leaves of each treatment were significantly higher than those in CK（P<0.05）,and FCF treatment was the best. The single fruit weight,yield per plant,firmness,soluble sugar content,sugar-acid ratio,soluble solid content,vitamin C content and fruit shape index of A. chinensis Planch. in each treatment were significantly higher than CK（P<0.05）;among them,the comprehensive effect of FCF treatment was the best,which was 65.97%,56.04%,30.80%,50.06%,65.39%,42.22%,51.11% and 5.60% higher than CK,respectively. The yields and profits of F,FCF,FCB and FFB treatments were higher than those of CK,and the FCF treatment was the best,which was 31.31 t/hm² and 187 500 yuan/hm²,respectively. All treatments significantly increased soil nutrient content;among them,FCF treatment had the best effect and the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 79.87%,67.37%,131.21% and 89.56%,respectively,compared with CK.【Conclusion】Chemical fertilizer+cow manure+kitchen waste treatment,together with the addition of earthworms and microbial inoculants,can achieve high quality and high yield of mountain-grown A. chinensis Planch.,increase economic benefits and improve soil fertility. It is a suitable cultivation and fertilization regime for high quality and high yield of mountain-grown A. chinensis Planch. in southern Shaanxi.

Key words: Mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis Planch., Fruit, Leaves, Yield, Quality, Soil nutrients, Organic materials

中图分类号:

S663.4

邵发琦, 王小亚, 李改民, 柯斧, 张金池, 张文慧, 焦丛键, 张辉, 张会翰, 黄琛. 不同有机物料配施化肥对山地猕猴桃产量、品质和土壤养分的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2026, 54(3): 76-84.

SHAO Faqi, WANG Xiaoya, LI Gaimin, KE Fu, ZHANG Jinchi, ZHANG Wenhui, JIAO Congjian, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Huihan, HUANG Chen. Effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on yield,quality of mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis Planch. and soil nutrients[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2026, 54(3): 76-84.

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不同有机物料配施化肥对山地猕猴桃产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

Effects of different organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers on yield,quality of mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis Planch. and soil nutrients

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