内蒙古土壤类型及有机质空间分布特征

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.04.10

北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 88-96.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.04.10

内蒙古土壤类型及有机质空间分布特征

刘虎^1,2, 高磊¹, 康文钦³

1.中国水利水电科学研究院水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特 010020;
2.中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,内蒙古包头 014515;
3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031

收稿日期:2025-12-16 修回日期:2026-02-09 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-10-09
作者简介:刘虎（1985—）,男,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事农业水利与水土保持方面的研究工作。
基金资助:
中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目（MKST2024JK018）

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil types and organic matter in Inner Mongolia

LIU Hu^1,2, GAO Lei¹, KANG Wenqin³

1. Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Areas,Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Hohhot 010020,China;
2. Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Baotou 014515,China;
3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China

Received:2025-12-16 Revised:2026-02-09 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究内蒙古土壤类型及有机质空间分布特征,为该地区土地资源管理、生态修复和农业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】依据1:400万中国土壤图和第二次全国土壤普查数据集,分析内蒙古土壤类型的空间分布格局;在内蒙古12个盟市共布设300个样点,按照0~5、5~15、15~30、30~60 cm土层采集土样,分析内蒙古有机质含量的空间分布特征。【结果】内蒙古土壤类型丰富,共划分11个土纲,18个亚纲,30个土类。其中,栗钙土分布最广,占区域总面积的22.52%;风沙土次之,占区域总面积的15.78%。内蒙古土壤有机质含量整体表现为随着土层的加深而递减,空间上呈“东高西低”的聚集分布,其中,兴安盟和呼伦贝尔市含量较高（平均值为29.91、27.89 g/kg）,阿拉善盟最低（平均值为2.65 g/kg）。【结论】内蒙古土壤类型丰富,栗钙土分布最广;有机质含量表现出表层高于深层的总体特征,空间上呈现东部高、西部低的格局。

关键词: 内蒙古, 土壤类型, 有机质, 空间分布

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil types and organic matter in Inner Mongolia,and to provide a reference for land resource management,ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural development in this region.【Methods】The spatial distribution pattern of soil types in Inner Mongolia was analyzed based on the 1:4 000 000 Soil Map of China and the dataset of the Second National Soil Survey;a total of 300 sampling sites were established in 12 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia,and soil samples were collected from the 0-5,5-15,15-30 and 30-60 cm soil layers to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of organic matter content in Inner Mongolia.【Results】Inner Mongolia was rich in soil types,which were divided into 11 soil orders,18 suborders and 30 great soil groups. Among them,chestnut soils were the most widely distributed,accounting for 22.52% of the total regional area;aeolian sandy soils ranked second,accounting for 15.78% of the total regional area. The content of soil organic matter in Inner Mongolia generally exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth and showed spatially aggregated distribution pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”. Among them,the contents were higher in Hinggan League and Hulun Buir City（with mean values of 29.91 and 27.89 g/kg,respectively）,and the lowest in Alagxa League（with a mean value of 2.65 g/kg）.【Conclusion】Inner Mongolia is rich in soil types,and chestnut soils are the most widely distributed;soil organic matter content exhibits an overall characteristic of being higher in the surface layer than in deep layers,and the spatial pattern is high in the east and low in the west.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, Soil types, Organic matter, Spatial distribution

中图分类号:

刘虎, 高磊, 康文钦. 内蒙古土壤类型及有机质空间分布特征[J]. 北方农业学报, 2026, 54(4): 88-96.

LIU Hu, GAO Lei, KANG Wenqin. Spatial distribution characteristics of soil types and organic matter in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2026, 54(4): 88-96.

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内蒙古土壤类型及有机质空间分布特征

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil types and organic matter in Inner Mongolia

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