北方农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 48-53.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2022.05.07

• 土壤肥料 · 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古中部冷凉地区结球甘蓝氮肥总量控制试验

张莉1, 周军1, 乔旭2, 冯旭旺1, 刘红波1, 张帆3, 庞琢1   

  1. 1.呼和浩特市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.内蒙古自治区科学技术战略研究中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    3.内蒙古农业大学 草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-28 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2023-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 周军
  • 作者简介:周军(1972—),男,农艺师,主要从事土壤肥料和植物营养的研究推广工作。
    张莉(1967—),女,高级农艺师,主要从事土壤肥料和植物营养的研究推广工作。
  • 基金资助:
    呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2022-农-1);内蒙古自治区2021年度专家服务基地项目

Experiment on total amount control of nitrogen fertilizer for Brassica oleracea var. capitata in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia

ZHANG Li1, ZHOU Jun1, QIAO Xu2, FENG Xuwang1, LIU Hongbo1, ZHANG Fan3, PANG Zhuo1   

  1. 1. Hohhot Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Hohhot 010010,China
    2. Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Strategic Research Center,Hohhot 010010,China
    3. College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China
  • Received:2022-09-28 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2023-01-10
  • Contact: ZHOU Jun

摘要:

【目的】研究内蒙古中部冷凉地区结球甘蓝高效栽培的最佳施氮量。【方法】在内蒙古武川县进行结球甘蓝氮肥总量控制试验,选择中甘628为试验品种,设无氮区(T1)、70%优化氮区(T2)、优化氮区(T3)、130 %优化氮区(T4)和160 %优化氮区(T5)5个不同施氮量处理,比较分析不同处理下结球甘蓝产量、商品净菜率、商品性状及经济效益。【结果】T4处理商品净菜产量最高(96 878.8 kg/hm2),T3处理次之(96 313.1 kg/hm2),分别比T1处理增产27.78%和27.03%。T3处理商品净菜率最高,为78.24%;T2处理次之,为77.32%。植株开展度随氮肥施入量的增加而增加,T5处理植株开展度最高(42.78 cm),比T1处理高18.24%;T4处理商品株单球质量最高(2.10 kg),T3处理次之(1.99 kg),分别比T1处理高33.76%和26.75%。T3处理纯收入增加值最高(21 644.6 元/hm2),投产比为1.0∶7.4;T4处理次之(21 455.0 元/hm2),投产比为1.0∶5.6。T3处理氮肥农学效率最高(45.54 kg/kg),T4处理次之(36.00 kg/kg)。【结论】以推进氮肥减量增效为目标,内蒙古中部冷凉地区结球甘蓝氮肥施用量以450 kg/hm2为宜。

关键词: 结球甘蓝, 氮肥, 产量, 冷凉地区, 内蒙古中部

Abstract:

【Objective】To find the optimum nitrogen application rate of Brassica oleracea var. capitata for high efficient cultivation in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The total amount control experiment of nitrogen fertilizer for Brassica oleracea var. capitata was conducted in Wuchuan County,Inner Mongolia. Using Zhonggan 628 as the experimental variety,five different nitrogen application treatments were set up,including nitrogen free zone(T1),70% optimized nitrogen zone(T2),optimized nitrogen zone(T3),130% optimized nitrogen zone(T4)and 160% optimized nitrogen zone(T5). The yield,commercial net vegetable rate,commercial characters and economic benefits of Brassica oleracea var. capitata under different treatments were compared and analyzed.【Results】The commercial net vegetable yield of T4 treatment was the highest at 96 878.8 kg/hm2,followed by T3 treatment at 96 313.1 kg/hm2,and increased by 27.78% and 27.03% respectively compared with T1 treatment. The commercial net vegetable rate of T3 treatment was the highest at 78.24%,followed by T2 treatment at 77.32%. The plant development increased as the nitrogen fertilizer application increased,with T5 treatment having the highest growth at 42.78 cm,18.24% higher than T1 treatment. The single bulb weight of commercial plant in T4 treatment was the highest at 2.10 kg,followed by T3 treatment at 1.99 kg,33.76% and 26.75% higher than that in T1 treatment,respectively. The net income added value of T3 treatment was the highest at 21 644.6 yuan/hm2,with a production ratio of 1.0∶7.4,followed by T4 treatment at 21 455.0 yuan/hm2,with a production ratio of 1.0∶5.6. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in T3 treatment was the highest at 45.54 kg/kg,followed by T4 treatment at 36.00 kg/kg.【Conclusion】In order to promote the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency,the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate of Brassica oleracea var. capitata in the cold area of central Inner Mongolia was 450 kg/hm2.

Key words: Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Nitrogen fertilizer, Yield, Cold area, Central Inner Mongolia

中图分类号: 

  • S635.1