无花果叶生物炭对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.03.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究以无花果叶为材料制备的生物炭对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【方法】以无花果叶为试验材料,400、500、600 ℃灼烧6 h制备生物炭,采用扫描电子显微镜观察生物炭的形貌结构。制备浓度为2、6、10、20 g/L的无花果叶生物炭浸提液,分析不同浓度无花果叶生物炭浸提液对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【结果】高温碳化处理无花果叶生物炭可以提高其孔隙率,但随着温度升高其产率降低,同时pH值和灰分增加,碳化温度为400 ℃时产率最高为36.21%。随着制备温度和使用浓度的提高小麦种子发芽率降低,600 ℃制备的生物炭浓度为20 g/L时发芽率仅为55%;对小麦芽和根的生长表现为低浓度促进高浓度抑制;根冠比随着生物炭浓度增大而减小。3种生物炭对小麦幼苗SOD活性具有促进作用,随着生物炭浓度的增大SOD活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,600 ℃制备的生物炭浓度为10 g/L时,SOD活性最高达到260 U/mg;500 ℃和600 ℃制备的生物炭对小麦幼苗POD活性的影响表现出从高到低的变化趋势,当500 ℃制备的生物炭在浓度为2 g/L时,POD活性最高达到207.6 U/mg。【结论】无花果叶生物炭的碳化温度及使用浓度对小麦种子的发芽率和幼苗生长均有影响,碳化温度高的生物炭对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长影响显著,浓度为2~10 g/L时对小麦的生长有促进作用,20 g/L时具有抑制作用。

关键词: 无花果叶, 生物炭, 碳化温度, 小麦, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effect of fig leaves biochar on wheat seed germination and seedling growth.【Methods】 Using fig leaves as the experimental material,biochar was prepared by burning at 400,500,and 600 ℃ for 6 h,and the morphology structure of biochar was observed by scanning electron microscope. The biochar extracts of fig leaves with concentrations of 2,6,10,20 g/L were prepared,and the effects of different concentrations of fig leaves biochar extracts on wheat seed germination and seedling growth were analyzed.【Results】 High-temperature carbonization treatment of fig leaves biochar could increase its porosity,but its yield decreased as the temperature increasing,while the pH value and ash content increased. The highest yield was 36.21% when the carbonization temperature 400 ℃. With the increase of preparation temperature and use concentration,the wheat seed germination rate decreased. When the concentration of biochar at 600 ℃ was 20 g/L,the germination rate only 55%;low concentration promoted and high concentration inhibited for the growth of wheat sprouts and roots;root-shoot ratio decreased with the increase of biochar concentration. The three types of biochar had a promoting effect on SOD activity of wheat seedling. As the biochar concentration increases,the SOD activity first increased and then decreased. When the concentration of biochar prepared at 600 ℃ was 10 g/L,the highest SOD activity could reach 260 U/mg. The effect of biochar prepared at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃ on POD activity of wheat seedling showed a trend from high to low. When the amount of biochar prepared at 500 ℃ was 2 g/L,the highest POD activity reached 207.6 U/mg.【Conclusion】 The carbonization temperature and use concentration of fig leaves biochar effected the seed germination rate and seedling growth of wheat,and biochar with high carbonization temperature had a significant effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. When the concentration was 2-10 g/L,it could promote wheat growth;when the concentration was 20 g/L,it could degrade wheat growth.

Key words: Fig leaves, Biochar, Carbonization temperature, Wheat, Seed germination, Seedling growth

中图分类号:

S663.3

朱海云, 张保华. 无花果叶生物炭对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2021, 49(3): 57-63.

ZHU Haiyun, ZHANG Baohua. The effect of fig leaves biochar on wheat seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2021, 49(3): 57-63.

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