连年耕作与秸秆还田对土壤养分和玉米产量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.01.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确连年耕作和秸秆还田对土壤养分含量和玉米产量的影响,为玉米产量的提升提供参考。【方法】设置深松+秸秆还田（ST_S）、深松（ST₀）、免耕+秸秆还田（NT_S）和免耕（NT₀）4个处理,在玉米成熟期采集0~100 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤含氮量、氮储量、多糖含量、富里酸含量、胡敏酸含量、团聚体相对含量和平均重量直径、团聚体含氮量,同时测定玉米产量,分析连年耕作和秸秆还田对土壤养分含量和玉米产量的影响。【结果】ST_S显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤含氮量和氮储量,与NT₀相比分别提高了96.19%、89.35%;在20~100 cm土层中,ST_S的土壤含氮量相对较高,与NT₀相比提高了13.13%;ST_S显著提高了20~100 cm土层土壤氮储量,与NT₀相比提高了29.20%。ST_S提高了0~40 cm土层土壤多糖含量、富里酸含量和胡敏酸含量,与NT₀相比分别提高了17.45%、62.66%和10.63%。在0~40 cm土层中,ST_S显著提高了2~1 mm和<0.053 mm团聚体相对含量,与NT₀相比分别提高了41.92%、336.42%;土壤>1 mm和<0.053 mm粒级团聚体含氮量最高,与NT₀相比分别提高了14.46%、6.86%。ST_S提高了玉米产量,与NT₀相比提高了8.29%。【结论】深松+秸秆还田更有利于提高连年耕作与秸秆还田0~20 cm土层土壤含氮量,0~40 cm土壤多糖、富里酸和胡敏酸含量,并且促进了较大团聚体形成,从而提高了玉米产量。

关键词: 连年耕作, 秸秆还田, 土壤养分, 团聚体, 玉米, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】Clarify the effects of continuous tillage and straw returning on soil nutrients and maize yield,to provide references for the improvement of maize yield.【Methods】Four treatments including subsoiling with straw returning（ST_S）,subsoiling （ST₀）,no-tillage with straw returning （NT_S） and no-tillage （NT₀） were set up. Soil samples were collected from 0-100 cm soil layer at maize maturity stage,and tested for soil nitrogen content,nitrogen storage,polysaccharide content,fulvic acid content,humic acid content,aggregate relative content and mean weight diameter,as well as aggregate nitrogen content. Maize yield was tested as well to analyze the effects of continuous tillage and straw returning on soil nutrient content and maize yield.【Results】ST_S significantly increased the soil nitrogen content and nitrogen storage in 0-20 cm soil layer by 96.19% and 89.35% compared with NT₀. In the 20-100 cm soil layer,ST_S soil nitrogen content were higher,with a 13.13% increase compared with NT₀. ST_S significantly increased 20-100 cm soil layer nitrogen storage by 29.20% compared with NT₀. ST_S increased 0-40 cm soil layer polysaccharide,fulvic acid and humic acid content by 17.45%,62.66%,and 10.63% compared with NT₀. In 0-40 cm soil layer,ST_S significantly increased 2-1 mm and <0.053 mm aggregate relative contents by 41.92% and 336.42% compared with NT₀. Nitrogen content of aggregates at >1 mm and <0.053 mm in the soil were highest,increased by 14.46% and 6.86% compared with NT₀. ST_S improved maize yield by 8.29% compared with NT₀.【Conclusion】Subsoiling with straw returning was more conducive to increasing the continuous tillage and straw returning nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer,the contents of polysaccharide,fulvic acid and humic acid in 0-40 cm soil layer,and promoting the formation of larger aggregates,thus increased maize yield.

Key words: Continuous tillage, Straw returning, Soil nutrients, Aggregate, Maize, Yield

中图分类号:

S158.3

吕金玲, 刘振, 王宁, 沈莹, 杨乾, 李耕, 宁堂原. 连年耕作与秸秆还田对土壤养分和玉米产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(1): 16-25.

LYU Jinling, LIU Zhen, WANG Ning, SHEN Ying, YANG Qian, LI Geng, NING Tangyuan. Effects of continuous tillage and straw returning on soil nutrients and maize yield[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(1): 16-25.

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