北方农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 26-35.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.01.04

• 土壤肥料 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同有机肥替代比例对内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯产量的影响

郭雪娇1, 张婷婷2,3,4, 梁俊梅1,2,3,4, 张君2,3,4, 张胜1, 李虹谕5, 安昊2,3,4, 兰慧青2,3,4, 侯建伟2,3,4, 赵旭1   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;
    2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.国家土壤质量武川观测实验站,内蒙古 武川 011705;
    4.内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    5.元泰丰(包头)生物科技有限公司,内蒙古 土默特右旗 014100
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21 出版日期:2024-05-17 发布日期:2024-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 张 君(1982—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事旱作农业与土壤肥料方面的研究工作。 张 胜(1961—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物生理生态及栽培技术方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:郭雪娇(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为寒旱区作物生理生态。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2023CXJJN20); 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD190050504)

Effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on potato yield in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia

GUO Xuejiao1, ZHANG Tingting2,3,4, LIANG Junmei1,2,3,4, ZHANG Jun2,3,4, ZHANG Sheng1, LI Hongyu5, AN Hao2,3,4, LAN Huiqing2,3,4, HOU Jianwei2,3,4, ZHAO Xu1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. National Soil Quality Wuchuan Observing and Experimental Station,Wuchuan 011705,China;
    4. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dry Farming,Hohhot 010031,China;
    5. Apaxfon (Baotou) Biological Science and Technologies Co.,Ltd,Tumed Right Banner 014100,China
  • Received:2023-12-21 Online:2024-05-17 Published:2024-05-17

摘要: 【目的】探讨内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯生产中有机肥替代化肥的施用效果及适宜替代比例。【方法】试验在内蒙古呼和浩特市武川县进行,设100%M(100%有机肥)、75%M(75%有机肥+25%化肥)、50%M(50%有机肥+50%化肥)、25%M(25%有机肥+75%化肥)、NPK(单施化肥,N 210 kg/hm2、P2O5 120 kg/hm2、K2O 180 kg/hm2)、不施氮肥(PK)、不施磷肥(NK)、不施钾肥(NP)8个处理,分析不同有机肥替代比例对马铃薯产量、养分积累量、肥料利用率和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】不同有机肥替代比例下,25%M处理马铃薯产量、大薯产量、小薯产量和单株薯个数最高,分别为31 812、18 250、13.56 kg/hm2 和7.90,较NPK处理分别提高了3.14%、2.22%、4.39%和23.82%;25%M处理马铃薯植株干物质积累量增幅最大,氮素积累量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);施入有机肥可以提高马铃薯肥料利用率,50%M处理的氮肥利用率最高,为43.94%;25%M处理的磷肥、钾肥利用率最高,分别为17.57%、60.95%;25%M处理氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的农学效率最高,分别为35.86%、38.98%和25.00%;25%M处理水分利用效率最高,为125.81 kg/(hm2·mm)显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。【结论】25%M处理(25%有机肥+75%化肥)可以提高马铃薯产量、养分积累量、肥料利用率,增加水分利用效率,是内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯生产适宜的施肥方式。

关键词: 有机肥替代, 马铃薯, 产量, 养分积累量, 肥料利用率, 水分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the application effect and suitable substitution ratio of organic fertilizer substitute chemical fertilizer in potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in Wuchuan County,Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia. Eight treatments were set up,including 100%M(100% organic fertilizer),75%M(75% organic fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer),50%M(50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer),25%M(25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer),NPK(chemical fertilizer only,N 210 kg/hm2,P2O5 120 kg/hm2,K2O 180 kg/hm2),no nitrogen fertilizer(PK),no phosphorus fertilizer(NK),and no potassium fertilizer(NP). The effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on potato yield,nutrient accumulation,fertilizer utilization rate,and water use efficiency were analyzed.【Results】Under different organic fertilizer substitution ratios,yield,large tuber yield,small tuber yield,and number of tubers per plant of 25%M treatment were highest at 31 812,18 250,13.56 kg/hm2,and 7.90,respectively. Increased by 3.14%,2.22%,4.39%,and 23.82% compared with NPK treatment. 25%M treatment had the highest increase of potato dry matter accumulation amount,and significantly higher(P<0.05) N accumulation amount compared with other treatments. Organic fertilizer increased potato fertilizer utilization rate,with 50%M treatment having the highest nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate at 43.94%. 25%M treatment had the highest phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rate at 17.57%,60.95% and highest agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer at 35.86%,38.98%,and 25.00%,respectively. 25%M treatment had the highest water use efficiency at 125.81 kg/(hm2·mm),significantly higher(P<0.05)than other treatments.【Conclusion】25%M(25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer)treatment increased potato yield,nutrient accumulation,and fertilizer utilization rate,improved water use efficiency,was the optimal fertilization method for potato production in the northern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Organic fertilizer substitution, Potato, Yield, Nutrient accumulation, Fertilizer utilization rate, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

  • S532