沿黄灌区盐碱地甜菜微生物菌肥施用量研究

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.01.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究沿黄灌区盐碱地不同梯度微生物菌肥施用量对甜菜产量和品质的影响,明确甜菜微生物菌肥在盐碱地的最佳施用量。【方法】2020—2021年于内蒙古巴彦淖尔市,在平作、垄作栽培模式的基础上,设置T1（0 kg/hm²）、T2（75 kg/hm²）、T3（150 kg/hm²）、T4（225 kg/hm²）和T5（300 kg/hm²）5个微生物菌肥施用量处理,分析不同处理对甜菜产量、产糖量的影响,并基于甜菜产量、产糖量变化规律,建立与微生物菌肥施用量间的回归模型,计算最优微生物菌肥施用量;利用归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）、实测值与估测值之间1∶1的直方图检验模型的准确度。【结果】在沿黄灌区盐碱地中施用微生物菌肥可以显著提高甜菜产量、产糖量,2020年T3处理平作、垄作栽培模式下甜菜产量均最高,分别为71 454、73 835 kg/hm²,较T1处理提高24.53%、20.37%;2021年T5处理甜菜产量最高,分别为67 934、70 863 kg/hm²,较T1处理提高14.55%、12.54%。2020年T3处理平作、垄作栽培模式下产糖量最高,分别为11 737、12 314 kg/hm²,较T1处理提高30.93%、24.68%;2021年T5处理产糖量最高,分别为10 836、11 374 kg/hm²,较T1处理提高17.50%、13.06%。在平作、垄作栽培模式下,甜菜产量与微生物菌肥施用量模型分别为y=-0.224 6x²+96.845x+58 126,R²=0.817**;y=-0.207 8x²+88.685x+62 334,R²=0.723**;产糖量与微生物菌肥施用量模型分别为y=-0.049 8x²+20.112x+9 036.4,R²=0.806**;y=-0.045x²+18.215x+9 929,R²=0.714**。基于以上模型计算出平作、垄作栽培模式下分别施用微生物菌肥215.6、213.4 kg/hm²时甜菜产量最高,为68 568、71 796 kg/hm²;分别施用微生物菌肥201.9、202.4 kg/hm²时产糖量最高,为11 067、11 772 kg/hm²。模型检验得出甜菜实测产量与估测产量、实测产糖量与估测产糖量之间的线性关系均达到极显著相关水平,模型精准度较好。【结论】在沿黄灌区盐碱地中施用微生物菌肥可以显著提升甜菜产量和品质,平作、垄作栽培模式微生物菌肥最佳施用量分别为201.9~215.6、202.4~213.4 kg/hm²。

关键词: 微生物菌肥, 盐碱地, 甜菜, 产量, 产糖量, 回归模型

Abstract: 【Objective】Explore the effects of different gradients of microbial fertilizer application rate on sugar beet yield and quality in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Irrigation Area,to find out the optimal sugar beet microbial fertilizer application rate in saline-alkali land.【Methods】In Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia,from 2020 to 2021,five microbial fertilizer application treatments,including T1（0 kg/hm²）,T2（75 kg/hm²）,T3（150 kg/hm²）,T4（225 kg/hm²）and T5（300 kg/hm²）were set up on the basis of two main cultivation modes of flat cropping and ridge cropping. The effects of different treatments on sugar beet yield and sugar yield were analyzed. Based on the variation law of sugar beet yield and sugar yield,a regression model with the application rate of microbial fertilizer was established. And the optimal application rate of microbial fertilizer was calculated. The accuracy of the model was tested by normalized root mean square error（NRMSE）and 1∶1 histogram between the measured value and the estimated value.【Results】The application of microbial fertilizer in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Irrigation Area significantly improved sugar beet yield and sugar yield. In 2020,T3 treatment had the highest sugar beet yields both in flat cropping and ridge cropping at 71 454 and 73 835 kg/hm²,respectively,increased by 24.53% and 20.37% compared to T1 treatment. In 2021,T5 treatment had the highest sugar beet yields of 67 934 and 70 863 kg/hm²,respectively,increased by 14.55% and 12.54% compared to T1 treatment. In 2020,T3 treatment had the highest the sugar yields of 11 737 and 12 314 kg/hm² in flat cropping and ridge cropping respectively,increased by 30.93% and 24.68% compared to T1 treatment. In 2021,T5 treatment had the highest sugar yields of 10 836 and 11 374 kg/hm² respectively,increased by 17.50% and 13.06% compared to T1 treatment. Under the flat cropping and ridge cropping modes,the models of sugar beet yield and microbial fertilizer application rate were y=-0.224 6x²+96.845x+58 126,R²=0.817**;y=-0.207 8x²+88.685x+62 334,R²=0.723**. The models of sugar yield and microbial fertilizer application rate were y=-0.049 8x²+20.112x+9 036.4,R²=0.806**;y=-0.045x²+18.215x+9 929,R²=0.714**. Based on the above models,it was calculated that the maximum yields of 68 568 and 71 796 kg/hm² can be achieved by applying microbial fertilizer of 215.6 and 213.4 kg/hm² in flat cropping and ridge cropping mode. The maximum sugar yield of 11 067 and 11 772 kg/hm² could be achieved when microbial fertilizer was applied at 201.9 and 202.4 kg/hm² respectively. The model tests showed that the linear relationship between the measured and estimated sugar beet yields,as well as the measured and estimated sugar yields,all had extremely significant correlations,indicating good accuracy of the models.【Conclusion】The application of microbial fertilizer in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Irrigation Area significantly improved the yield and quality of sugar beet. The optimal application rates of microbial fertilizer were 201.9-215.6 and 202.4-213.4 kg/hm² in flat cropping and ridge cropping.

Key words: Microbial fertilizer, Saline-alkali land, Sugar beet, Yield, Sugar yield, Regression model

中图分类号:

S566.3

韩康, 黄春燕, 郭晓霞, 李智, 菅彩媛, 田露, 卫志刚, 刘畅, 宋剑君, 任惠敏. 沿黄灌区盐碱地甜菜微生物菌肥施用量研究[J]. 北方农业学报, 2024, 52(1): 79-86.

HAN Kang, HUANG Chunyan, GUO Xiaoxia, LI Zhi, JIAN Caiyuan, TIAN Lu, WEI Zhigang, LIU Chang, SONG Jianjun, REN Huimin. Study on the application rate of sugar beet microbial fertilizer in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Irrigation Area[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(1): 79-86.

参考文献

[1] 韩康,黄春燕,苏文斌,等.钙基腐殖酸型改良剂施用量对盐碱地甜菜产质量的影响[J].中国糖料,2023,45(3):35-41.
[2] 杨劲松,姚荣江,王相平,等.河套平原盐碱地生态治理和生态产业发展模式[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7059-7063.
[3] 杨劲松,姚荣江,王相平,等.中国盐渍土研究:历程、现状与展望[J].土壤学报,2022,59(1):10-27.
[4] 贾壮壮,谭亚男,管孝艳,等.宁夏盐碱地成因及分区治理措施综述[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):122-134.
[5] 安永清,屈永华,高鸿永,等.内蒙古河套灌区土壤盐碱化遥感监测方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2008,23(3):316-322.
[6] 孟利芳,姚晓翠,但瑶,等.施肥对盐碱地饲用燕麦根际土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2023,31(10):2960-2967.
[7] 郭耀东,程曼,赵秀峰,等.轮作绿肥对盐碱地土壤性质、后作青贮玉米产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(6):856-864.
[8] 苏日娜,张健.基于井渠结合灌溉排水方式对盐碱地改良效果研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2023,51(4):38-40.
[9] 张万恒,何帅,忠智博,等.膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术改良新疆盐碱地效果综述[J].农业工程,2023,13(4):101-107.
[10] 于宝勒. 盐碱地修复利用措施研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2021,37(7):81-87.
[11] 张晶,杨树青,郑彦,等.生物措施显著提高农牧交错区盐渍土的暗管排盐效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(12):2299-2309.
[12] DENG P B,GUO L P,YANG H T,et al.Effect of an organic fertilizer of ganoderma lucidum residue on the physical and chemical properties and microbial communities of saline alkaline soil[J].Water,2023,15(5):962.
[13] GU Y Y,LIANG X Y,ZHANG H Y,et al.Effect of biochar and bioorganic fertilizer on the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of sesbania cannabina in saline-alkaline soil[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2023,14:1190716.
[14] 刘月,杨树青,张万锋,等.微咸水灌溉下微生物菌肥对盐渍土理化性质和细菌群落的影响[J].环境科学,2023,44(8):4585-4598.
[15] 武杞蔓,张金梅,李玥莹,等.有益微生物菌肥对农作物的作用机制研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2021,37(5):221-230.
[16] 王爱玲,段国琪,田时敏,等.减氮配施微生物菌肥对“富士”苹果品质和光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2022(18):16-22.
[17] 王秀娟,韩瑛祚,何志刚,等.微生物菌肥对设施番茄养分吸收与土壤氮磷累积的影响[J].北方园艺,2021(19):100-106.
[18] 戴宇,马良.土壤养分管理和土壤健康研究进展与展望[J].浙江农业科学,2023,64(8):1826-1833.
[19] 李小白,金亮,陈相涛,等.蓝莓基质栽培及其配方的研究进展[J/OL].分子植物育种,2022:1-14.(2022-12-16).https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20221215.
1642.010.html.
[20] 田雪莲,尹显慧,龙友华,等.不同肥料处理对番茄产量及品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(3):55-59.
[21] 李丽,韩周,张昀,等.减氮配施微生物菌剂对水稻根系发育及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2019,50(4):932-939.
[22] 刘春燕,周龙,陈冬立,等.生物菌肥对桃土壤肥力及地上部的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2020,54(4):597-603.
[23] 刘玲,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.不同微生物菌剂对水稻幼苗形态建成和生理特性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(1):88-95.
[24] 罗希榕,罗银,李唐燕,等.生物有机肥不同施肥配方对连作辣椒生长发育及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2018(6):5-8.
[25] 吴珏. 微生物土壤改良剂对设施黄瓜连作障碍修复作用的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.
[26] 柳鑫鹏,臧淑英,智刚,等.盐碱土耐盐碱细菌筛选及其植物促生能力研究[J].土壤通报,2022,53(3):567-576.
[27] 沙月霞,李明洋,伍顺华,等.微生物菌剂拌土对盐碱地玉米茎基腐病的预防及促生效果[J].中国农学通报,2021,37(5):75-82.
[28] 王启尧,赵庚星,李涛,等.滨海盐渍麦田施用微生物菌肥的降盐效果及冬小麦长势响应[J].中国农学通报,2021,37(24):60-66.
[29] 邵华伟,崔磊,许咏梅,等.滴施改良剂对新疆盐碱土改良及甜菜产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(2):49-53.
[30] 田露,郭晓霞,苏文斌,等.不同改良材料对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤化学特性及甜菜生长的影响[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(5):8-15.
[31] 强生才,张富仓,向友珍,等.关中平原不同降雨年型夏玉米临界氮稀释曲线模拟及验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):168-175.
[32] 程陈,冯利平,薛庆禹,等.日光温室黄瓜生长发育模拟模型[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(10):3491-3500.
[33] 郭姝姝,阮本清,管孝艳,等.内蒙古河套灌区近30年盐碱化时空演变及驱动因素分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):159-162.
[34] 黄占城. 基于最大似然法的盐碱化发展态势与治理模式探析[J].中国农村水利水电,2019(12):5-9.
[35] 徐忠山,陈晓晶,赵宝平,等.微生物菌肥配施秸秆对盐碱地土壤理化性质及饲草产量的影响[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2022(4):3-6.
[36] 轩晓博,赵文靖,李树瑶,等.微生物菌肥对盐碱地向日葵减施氮肥效应研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2023,43(3):102-111.
[37] 朱望帅,韩震,胡一涵,等.化肥减施配施微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤质量及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2022,54(12):91-96.