关键词: 谷子, 施肥方式, 主成分分析, 产量, 产量性状

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the optimal fertilization method and dosage for millet production in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In Harqin Banner，Chifeng City，using Jinmiao K1 as the experimental material，a total of 14 treatment levels of 4 fertilization methods were set up，including nitrogen and potassium topdressing（A），increased potassium fertilizer application（B），partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer（C），and delayed fertilizer application（D）. The yield and yield traits such as fresh weight per plant，dry weight per plant，ear diameter，ear length，single ear weight，and grain weight of millet under different treatments were compared. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the optimal fertilization method and dosage.【Results】The yields of millet under different treatments were 3 745.7-8 236.8 kg/hm² with a coefficient of variation of 20.49%. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with single ear weight，grain weight and ear diameter（P<0.01）. The first two extracted principal components covered 83.074% information of millet yield and yield traits. Comprehensive comparative analysis showed that nitrogen and potassium topdressing was beneficial to yield increase and yield traits improvement of millet. Two better treatments under this fertilization method were application of 375 kg/hm² triple compound fertilizer at seeding time，and watering application of 225.0 kg/hm²（A5） and 112.5 kg/hm²（A2）nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at flowering time.Increased potassium fertilizer application was beneficial to the yield increase of millet，but the performance of yield traits were poor. The optimal treatment under this fertilization method was application of 375 kg/hm² triple compound fertilizer and 225.0 kg/hm² of increased potassium sulfate（B3） at seeding time.Partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer performed well in improving biological yield，but the level of grain yield was low. Under this fertilization method，the best treatment was application of 450 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer and 300 kg/hm² of bacterial fertilizer（C1）. Delayed fertilizer application had poor performance in both millet yield and yield traits.【Conclusion】Under nitrogen and potassium topdressing，applying 375 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer during seeding time，and watering application of 225.0 kg/hm²（A5） and 112.5 kg/hm²（A2） nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at flowering stage，were suitable for promotion and application in millet production in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia. In partial bacterial fertilizer replacing conventional fertilizer，applying 450 kg/hm² of triple compound fertilizer and 300 kg/hm² of bacterial fertilizer（C1） was suitable for millet production with the main goal of harvesting biomass in Chifeng City，Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Millet, Fertilization method, Principal component analysis, Yield, Yield traits