北方农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 69-83.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.04.08

• 土壤肥料·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉含量动态累积与分配差异性研究

马红珍1, 王宁2, 吴寅3, 许海涛1, 田媛3, 冯晓曦1, 许波1, 张军刚1, 郭海斌1   

  1. 1.驻马店市农业科学院/河南省玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站, 河南 驻马店 463000;
    2.平舆县农业生态和资源保护站, 河南 平舆 463400;
    3.河南省农业科学院, 河南 郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 王 宁(1969—),女,正高级农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:马红珍(1983—),女,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培与耕作、分子生物育种方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目(242102111168);河南省玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站项目(HARS-23-02-Z6);驻马店市重大科技专项(ZMDSZDZX2023005)

Study on the difference of dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains

MA Hongzhen1, WANG Ning2, WU Yin3, XU Haitao1, TIAN Yuan3, FENG Xiaoxi1, XU Bo1, ZHANG Jungang1, GUO Haibin1   

  1. 1. Zhumadian Academy of Agricultral Sciences/Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station of Henan Maize Industrial Technology System, Zhumadian 463000, China;
    2. Pingyu County Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station, Pingyu 463400, China;
    3. Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • Received:2024-04-15 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-11-22

摘要: 【目的】研究春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉含量动态累积与分配差异性特征,为专用优质玉米品种选育与生产提供参考。【方法】以驻玉216、驻玉902、驻玉927、郑单958、裕丰303为试验材料,授粉后12 d每隔7 d取果穗内籽粒,烘干至恒重,利用近红外光谱技术快速检测玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量,分析籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉动态累积相关关系,比较春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪与淀粉含量动态累积与分配的差异性。【结果】玉米籽粒蛋白质含量春播先急剧下降后平稳变化,夏播先急剧下降后又升高,呈波浪式变化;春夏播玉米籽粒脂肪含量先上升后下降,淀粉含量随籽粒发育基本呈渐进式增加,蛋脂总量整体呈逐步下降趋势。春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪与淀粉累积速率动态呈锯齿状变化。籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉分配春播授粉后12~19 d整体呈现为淀粉>蛋白质>其他>脂肪,授粉后26~47 d基本呈现为淀粉>其他>蛋白质>脂肪;夏播授粉后12~18 d整体呈现为淀粉>蛋白质>其他>脂肪,授粉后19~47 d基本呈现为淀粉>其他>蛋白质>脂肪。相关性分析表明,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉动态累积量之间呈现极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】驻玉216、驻玉902、驻玉927、郑单958、裕丰303春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉动态累积与分配受环境影响较大,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉动态累积量互为极显著正相关。

关键词: 玉米, 籽粒, 春夏播, 蛋白质, 脂肪, 淀粉, 累积与分配

Abstract: 【Objective】Study the dynamic accumulation and distribution differences characteristics of protein,fat,and starch content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains,this could provide a reference for the breeding and production of specialized high-quality maize varieties.【Methods】Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 were chosen as the experiment material. The grains within the ear were collected 12 days after pollination,collected grains every 7 days,dry them to constant weight,maize grains protein,fat,and starch content were rapidly detected by near-infrared spectroscopy,to analyse the correlation between the dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch,and to compare the differences in the dynamic accumulation and distribution of protein,fat,and starch content between spring sowing and summer sowing.【Results】The protein content of maize grains decreased sharply in spring sowing and then stable variation,while it increased again in summer sowing,showed a wave like pattern;the fat content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing first increased and then decreased,the starch content of maize grains in spring sowing and summer sowing increased gradually with grain development,the total protein and fat content in spring sowing and summer sowing maize grains gradually decreased overall. The accumulation rate dynamic of protein,fat,and starch in spring sowing and summer sowing grains showed a zigzag pattern. The distribution of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed an overall pattern of starch>protein>other>fat from 12 to 19 days after pollination of spring sowing,From 26 to 47 days after pollination,it basically showed starch>other>protein>fat.After pollination 12-18 days of summer sowing,the overall appearance showed starch>protein>other>fat,from 19 to 47 days after pollination,the basic appearance was starch>other>protein>fat. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between the dynamic accumulation of protein,fat,and starch(P<0.01).【Conclusion】The dynamic accumulation and distribution of grains protein,fat,and starch of Zhuyu 216,Zhuyu 902,Zhuyu 927,Zhengdan 958,and Yufeng 303 in spring sowing and summer sowing were greatly affected by the environment. The dynamic accumulation of maize grains protein,fat,and starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with each other.

Key words: Maize, Grains, Spring sowing and summer sowing, Protein, Fat, Starch, Accumulation and distribution

中图分类号: 

  • S513