北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 64-72.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.01.08

• 土壤肥料·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物菌剂对玉米灌浆期光合特性及产量的影响

张一迪1, 叶君1,2, 段思彤1, 张向前1,2, 赵子豪1, 肖洒1, 王伟妮3, 李娟1, 邢俊4, 王宏伟5, 张德健1   

  1. 1.内蒙古大学 生命科学学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021;
    2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017010;
    4.达拉特旗农牧局,内蒙古 达拉特旗 014300;
    5.扎兰屯市农村经营服务中心,内蒙古 扎兰屯 162650
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 张德健(1972—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事保护性耕作的研究工作。张向前(1984—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤耕作与农业生态的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:张一迪(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物资源学与植物化学。
  • 基金资助:
    鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001)

Effects of biological microbial agents on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize at filling stage

ZHANG Yidi1, YE Jun1,2, DUAN Sitong1, ZHANG Xiangqian1,2, ZHAO Zihao1, XIAO Sa1, WANG Weini3, LI Juan1, XING Jun4, WANG Hongwei5, ZHANG Dejian1   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. Center for Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Conservation of Ordos City,Ordos 017010,China;
    4. Dalad Banner Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Dalad Banner 014300,China;
    5. Zalantun City Rural Operations Service Center,Zalantun 162650,China
  • Received:2024-11-05 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-06-26

摘要: 【目的】明确沿黄灌区南岸秸秆还田条件下不同生物菌剂对玉米灌浆期光合特性和产量的影响。【方法】以玉米品种利禾1号为试验材料,设置施用芽孢杆菌+醋酸菌(A)、芽孢杆菌+酵素菌+放线菌(B)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣(C)3类生物菌剂和不施用生物菌剂(CK)4个处理,分析不同处理下玉米灌浆期穗位叶光响应曲线、光合特性日变化动态及产量。【结果】各处理的植株净光合速率、气孔导度日变化均表现为双峰曲线,且达到峰值的时间相同(10:00和14:00),植株蒸腾速率达到峰值的时间为10:00和13:00,峰值大小有一定的差异,各处理玉米穗位叶的胞间CO2浓度日变化呈“V”字形趋势。不同处理的光响应曲线拟合均达到显著水平,B处理模拟的最大净光合速率最高,为32.90 μmol/(m2·s),较CK、A处理、C处理分别高出12.29%、6.44%、18.01%。施用B处理时,玉米产量最高,为14 299.59 kg/hm2,较其他处理高2.00%~9.01%。【结论】芽孢杆菌+酵素菌+放线菌结合秸秆还田能够有效增加土壤养分,提高玉米产量,更适宜在沿黄灌区南岸农田施用。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 生物菌剂, 玉米, 光合特性, 日变化, 光响应曲线, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To clarify the effects of different biological microbial agents on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize during the filling stage under straw returning conditions along the southern bank of the Yellow River irrigation area.【Methods】Using the maize variety Lihe No. 1 as the test material,four treatments were set up:Bacillus+Acetobacter(A),Bacillus+fermenting fungi+Actinomycetes(B),Bacillus subtilis+lichen(C),and a control group without microbial agents(CK). The study analyzed the effects of different biological microbial agents on the light response curve and diurnal variation in photosynthetic characteristics of maize ear leaves during the filling stage and maize yield.【Results】The diurnal variations in net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and stomatal conductance(Gs) of plants in all treatments exhibited a bimodal curve trend,with both Pn and Gs peaking at the same times(10:00 and 14:00). The transpiration rate(Tr) reached its peaks at 10:00 and 13:00,with some differences in peak magnitudes among treatments. The diurnal variation in intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) in maize ear leaves followed a “V”-shaped pattern. The fitted light response curves for all treatments reached significant levels,with Treatment B showing the highest simulated maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax) at 32.90 μmol/(m2·s),which was 12.29%,6.44%,and 18.01% higher than those of CK,Treatment A,and Treatment C,respectively. Moreover,Treatment B resulted in the highest yield(14 299.59 kg/hm2),surpassing the other treatments by 2.00%-9.01%.【Conclusion】Bacillus+fermenting fungi+Actinomycetes with straw returning can effectively enhance soil nutrients and increase maize yield,and is more suitable for farmland application along the southern bank of the Yellow River irrigation area.

Key words: Returning straw to field, Biological microbial agents, Maize, Photosynthesis characteristics, Diurnal variation, Light response curve, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S513