北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 10-16.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.01.02

• 作物栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

河西走廊西部玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析

申晓花1,2, 牛天文2, 赵淏楠1, 李文君3, 侯梁宇1,2   

  1. 1.河西学院 农业与生态工程学院,甘肃 张掖 734000;
    2.张掖丰巢智慧农业科技有限公司,甘肃 张掖 734000;
    3.河西学院 经济管理学院,甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 侯梁宇(1985—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事玉米全程机械化生产理论与技术方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:申晓花(1987—),女,农艺师,学士,主要从事玉米精准栽培与管理方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省教育厅2023年高校教师创新基金项目(2023A-127); 河西学院校长基金青年科研项目(QN2022002)

Analysis of factors influencing the maize mechanical grain harvest quality in the western of Hexi Corridor

SHEN Xiaohua1,2, NIU Tianwen2, ZHAO Haonan1, LI Wenjun3, HOU Liangyu1,2   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,China;
    2. Zhangye Fengchao Smart Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye 734000,China;
    3. College of Economics and Management,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,China
  • Received:2024-07-29 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-06-26

摘要: 【目的】提高玉米收获质量,推广玉米机械粒收技术在河西走廊西部的应用。【方法】2023年在甘肃省酒泉市下河清农场设置10组不同玉米品种的大田试验,采用同一台机械收获,收获后进行取样并测定籽粒含水率、籽粒破碎率、杂质率、田间损失率等粒收质量指标。【结果】各参试品种收获时籽粒含水率均值为26.25%,变幅为17.80%~33.10%;籽粒破碎率均值为8.13%,变幅为2.96%~19.80%;杂质率均值为0.86%,变幅为0.02%~3.26%;田间损失率均值为3.58%,变幅为3.51%~3.64%。籽粒破碎率与籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),拟合方程为y=-0.466 1e0.100 2xR2=0.405 7),当籽粒含水率为17.10%时,籽粒破碎率最低;杂质率与籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),拟合方程为y=0.001 5e0.217 7xR2=0.454 7),当籽粒含水率为16.40%时,杂质率最低;田间损失率与籽粒含水率呈负相关关系,拟合方程为y=1E-06x4-0.000 3x3+0.015 3x2-0.324 0x+5.928 2(R2=0.299 2),当籽粒含水率为20.20%时,田间损失率最低。【结论】收获时籽粒含水率偏高是影响河西走廊西部地区玉米机械粒收质量的主要因素,通过选择适宜品种、科学安排收获时间可以提高河西走廊西部地区玉米机械粒收质量。

关键词: 河西走廊西部地区, 玉米, 机械粒收, 收获质量

Abstract: 【Objective】To improve the maize harvest quality and to extend the application of maize mechanical grain harvesting in western Hexi Corridor.【Methods】In 2023,the harvest quality test in field of 10 different maize cultivars was carried out in Xiaheqing Farm,Jiuquan City,Gansu Province in which,the same mechanical was used to harvest and the the grain moisture content,grain breakage rate,impurity rate,and field loss rate of sampled and tested after harvest.【Results】On average,the grain moisture content,grain breakage rate,impurity rate,and field loss rate of tested cultivars were 26.25 % with a variation of 17.80%-33.10%,8.13% with a variation of 2.96%-19.80%,0.86 % with a variation of 0.02%-3.26%,and 3.58% with a variation of 3.51%-3.64%,respectively. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between grain breakage rate and grain moisture content(P<0.01),which could be described with a fitting equation:y=-0.466 1e0.100 2xR2=0.405 7) that grain breakage rate would reach its lowest when grain moisture content were 17.10%;another extremely significant positive correlation was also found between impurity rate andgrain moisture content(P<0.01),which could be described with a fitting equation:y=0.001 5e0.217 7xR2=0.454 7) that impurity rate would be minimized when grain moisture content were 16.40%;while field loss rate was negatively correlated with grain moisture content,which could be described with a fitting equation:y=1E-06x4-0.000 3x3+0.015 3x3-0.324 0x+5.928 2(R2=0.299 2) that field loss rate would be the least when grain moisture content were 20.20%.【Conclusion】The overhigh grain moisture content on harvesting is the major affecting factor on the maize mechanical grain harvesting quality in the western of Hexi Corridor. By selecting suitable cultivars and scientifically arranging harvesting time,the maize mechanical grain harvesting quality will be improved in the western Hexi Corridor.

Key words: Western Hexi Corridor, Maize, Mechanical grain harvesting, Harvest quality

中图分类号: 

  • S513