内蒙古玉米宜机械粒收品种评价指标体系

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2024.02.01

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established to provide the basis for the evaluation,selection and timely harvest of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to point out the direction for variety breeding.【Methods】The representative varieties of six maturity groups from extremely early maturity to late maturity were used as experimental materials to study the mechanical grain harvest traits simultaneously in six ecological regions of Inner Mongolia,at the physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 d after physiological maturity,the grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,grain moisture content and plant lodging rate were measured;The varieties with suitable ecological regions conditions and excellent mechanical grain harvest traits were selected for the identification and selection of evaluation index of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.【Results】Grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with grain moisture content（P<0.01）. The grain moisture content at harvest stage has an extremely significant negative correlation with the time and accumulated temperature from emergence to harvest,from silking to harvest,and from maturity to harvest（P<0.01）,and the correlation increased in turn.The grain dehydration rate has an extremely significant positive correlation with the basic moisture content and daily average temperature（P<0.01）. The regression equation of grain dehydration rate （y） with basic moisture content （x₁） and daily average temperature （x₂） was y=-0.523 318+0.022 732x₁+0.025 422x₂,R²=0.419 2,P<0.01. The total yield loss rate and ear drop rate have an extremely significant positive correlation with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（P<0.01）,but grain drop rate was not significantly correlated with lodging rate of plants at harvest stage（P>0.05）. There was no significant correlation between plant lodging rate and plant height,ear height,ratio of ear height to plant height,stem diameter,ratio of stem diameter to plant height（P>0.05）. The primary and secondary index for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest were established,covering 3 levels and 55 index.【Conclusion】The evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia was established.It takes into account the commonness and regional individuality of each ecological region,and the index is quantified and easy to operate. The provision of the “grain fragmentation rate” index points out the invisible loss in the process of mazie mechanical grain harvest,which makes the evaluation of yield loss more comprehensive.

Key words: Maize, Mechanical grain harvest, Varieties, Mechanical grain harvest quality, Evaluation index system

CLC Number:

S513

SHI Haibo, LIANG Hongwei, ZHANG Jing, YANG Jingyuan, HAN Ping′an, LIU Zhixiong, FENG Yong, SU Erhu, ZHANG Laihou, ZHAO Ruixia. Evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2024, 52(2): 1-14.

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Evaluation index system of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia

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