氯化钠对黑水虻生长性能及微生物群落的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2023.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]研究饲料中添加氯化钠对黑水虻（Hermetia illucens L.）生长性能及幼虫肠道、饲养基质微生物群落多样性的影响。[方法]以无添加氯化钠饲料饲喂的黑水虻为对照组，饲喂添加0.7%、2.0%氯化钠饲料的黑水虻为试验组。试验周期为6日龄幼虫至成虫产卵。对饲喂不同含量氯化钠饲料的黑水虻的生长性能指标、生长周期指标进行统计，并利用16S rDNA序列分析技术研究黑水虻幼虫肠道及饲养基质微生物群落的变化。[结果]①饲喂添加0.7%氯化钠饲料的黑水虻，体长、体重（除9日龄外）、饲料转化率、饲料利用率、料重比、幼虫鲜质量及总增鲜质量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、羽化时间以及产卵时间与对照组相比均无显著（P>0.05）差异。②与对照组相比，饲喂添加2.0%氯化钠饲料的黑水虻，9~18日龄幼虫的体长、体重均显著（P<0.05）降低;饲料减重率、表观消化率显著（P<0.05）降低，饲料转化率显著（P<0.05）提高，饲料利用率、料重比无显著（P>0.05）变化;脂肪含量显著（P<0.05）提高，幼虫的鲜质量、总增鲜质量及蛋白质含量均无显著（P>0.05）变化;存活率、化蛹率、羽化率显著（P<0.05）降低，并且羽化时间和产卵时间均比对照组延长2 d（P<0.05）。③饲喂添加0.7%氯化钠饲料的黑水虻，与对照组相比，在门水平上，其幼虫肠道中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度由92.33%降低至82.53%，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度由6.55%上升至14.88%;饲养基质中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度由23.42%上升至28.07%，而拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度由41.57%下降至37.92%。在属水平上，黑水虻幼虫肠道中普罗维登斯菌属（Providencia）相对丰度从79.90%下降至76.92%，摩根氏菌属（Morganella）相对丰度从8.27%下降至5.34%，肠球菌属（Enterococcus）相对丰度从4.98%上升至6.62%;饲养基质中产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）相对丰度从2.73%上升至12.10%，假单胞菌属（Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas）相对丰度从3.59%下降至1.46%。④饲喂添加2.0%氯化钠饲料的黑水虻，与对照组相比，在门水平上，黑水虻幼虫肠道中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度从92.33%下降至59.13%，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度从6.55%上升至34.69%;饲养基质中拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度变化较大，从41.57%下降至11.11%。在属水平上，黑水虻幼虫肠道中普罗维登斯菌属（Providencia）相对丰度从79.90%下降至29.36%，摩根氏菌属（Morganella）相对丰度从8.27%升高至27.23%;饲养基质中，棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）相对丰度变化较大，从0.01%升高至6.90%。[结论]饲喂添加0.7%氯化钠的饲料，不影响黑水虻的生长性能。饲喂添加2.0%氯化钠的饲料，对黑水虻幼虫的生长有抑制作用，且对黑水虻肠道及饲养基质微生物群落具有调节作用。

关键词: 黑水虻, 生长性能, 氯化钠, 微生物群落

Abstract:

[Objective] This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary sodium chloride level on the growth performance as well as the microbial community diversity in the larval intestine and feeding substrate of black soldier fly （Hermetia illucens L.）. [Method] The black soldier flies fed with the diet without extra addition of sodium chloride was set as control group, and the ones fed with the diets added with 0.7% and 2.0% sodium chloride were set as experimental groups. The experimental period was from 6-day-old larvae to adult laying eggs. The indexes associated with growth performance and growth cycle of the flies fed with the diets containing different levels of sodium chloride were statistically analyzed, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis technique was used to characterize the changes of microbial communities in the larval intestine and feeding substrate. [Result] ①The body length, body weight （except for 9-day-old）, feed conversion rate, feed utilization rate, feed to weight gain ratio, larval fresh mass and total fresh mass gain, protein content, fat content, survival rate, pupation rate, eclosion rate, eclosion time, and oviposition time of the 0.7% sodium chloride addition group were not significantly （P>0.05） different from those of the control group. ②Compared with the control group, in the 2.0% sodium chloride addition group, both the body length and weight of the 9- to 18-day-old larvae were significantly （P<0.05） decreased; the feed weight loss rate and apparent digestibility were significantly （P<0.05） reduced; the feed conversion rate was significantly （P<0.05） increased; there was no significant （P>0.05） changes in feed utilization rate and feed to weight gain ratio; the fat content was significantly （P<0.05） elevated; the larval fresh mass, total fresh mass gain, and protein content had no significant （P>0.05） changes; the survival rate, pupation rate, and eclosion rate were significantly （P<0.05） decreased, and the eclosion time and oviposition time extended by 2 d （P<0.05）. ③In 0.7% sodium chloride addition group, at phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the larval intestine was decreased from 92.33% to 82.53%, and that of Firmicutes was increased from 6.55% to 14.88% compared with the control group; the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the feeding substrate was increased from 23.42% to 28.07%, while that of Bacteroidetes was decreased from 41.57% to 37.92%. At genus level, the relative abundance of Providencia in larval intestine was decreased from 79.90% to 76.92%, and that of Morganella and Enterococcus was decreased from 8.27% to 5.34% and increased from 4.98% to 6.62%, respectively; the relative abundance of Alcaligenes in the feeding substrate was increased from 2.73% to 12.10%, and that of Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas was decreased from 3.59% to 1.46%. ④In 2.0% sodium chloride addition group, at phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the larval intestine was decreased from 92.33% to 59.13%, and that of Firmicutes was increased from 6.55% to 34.69% compared with the control group; the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the feeding substrate changed greatly, decreasing from 41.57% to 11.11%. At genus level, the relative abundance of Providencia in the larval intestine was decreased from 79.90% to 29.36%, and that of Morganella was increased from 8.27% to 27.23%; the relative abundance of Corynebacterium in the feeding substrate changed greatly, increasing from 0.01% to 6.90%. [Conclusion] Dietary addition of 0.7% sodium chloride had no affects on the growth performance of black soldier fly. While the addition of 2.0% sodium chloride in diet inhibited the larval growth and greatly affected the microbial communities in larval intestine and feeding substrate.

Key words: black soldier fly （Hermetia illucens L.）, growth performance, sodium chloride, microbial community

中图分类号:

S899.9

覃成婕, 胡斌, 叶正淮, 朱剑锋, 李雪玲, 田铃, 黄志君, 胡文锋. 氯化钠对黑水虻生长性能及微生物群落的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2023, 44(3): 7-17.

QIN Chengjie, HU Bin, YE Zhenghuai, ZHU Jianfeng, LI Xueling, TIAN Ling, HUANG Zhijun, HU Wenfeng. Effects of Dietary Sodium Chloride Level on Growth Performance and Microbial Community of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.)[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2023, 44(3): 7-17.

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