红曲粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平红曲粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及血清生化指标的影响,为其在肉鸡生产中的合理应用提供参考。[方法] 选取240羽1日龄慢速型黄羽肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每重复20羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加2%、4%、6%红曲粉（分别记为2%组、4%组、6%组）。所有试验黄羽肉鸡于10日龄接种新城疫-传染性支气管炎-禽流感（H9）三联灭活疫苗。试验期为42 d。试验期间定期测定肉鸡体重与采食量,并计算各阶段平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。采集21 d和42 d鸡血清样品,测定新城疫（ND）和禽流感H9亚型（AI H9）抗体效价及相关血清生化指标。分别于21 d和42 d,每组随机选取3只鸡,称重后处死,分离肝脏、胃、肠道、法氏囊、胸腺和脾脏,计算器官指数。[结果] 1~21 d,各组肉鸡生长性能指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。22~42 d,各试验组平均日增重均低于对照组,仅 6% 组与对照组差异达显著水平（P<0.05）,2% 组、4% 组与所有组别间平均日增重均无显著差异（P>0.05）;2%组与 6%组平均日采食量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）、极显著高于 4% 组（P<0.01）,4% 组平均日采食量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;各试验组料重比均高于对照组,6%组料重比显著高于对照组和4% 组（P<0.05）,2% 组、对照组、4%组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。整个试验期（1~42 d）内,各试验组与对照组的平均日增重、料重比均未见显著差异（P>0.05）;4%组平均日采食量显著低于 2%组、6% 组（P<0.05）,对照组、2%组、6%组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。21 d和42 d,各组间消化器官指数和免疫器官指数均无显著差异（P>0.05）;各组禽流感 H9 亚型抗体（AI H9 Ab）效价、新城疫抗体（ND Ab）效价相互间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。21 d时,3个试验组血清总蛋白（TP）均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;2%组和4%组血清球蛋白（GLB）含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,6%组GLB含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;各试验组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性均低于对照组,6%组ALT 活性极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）、显著低于4%组（P<0.05）,2%组ALT活性与所有组别间无显著差异（P>0.05）;各试验组碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,但6%组ALP活性显著低于2%组和4%组（P<0.05）;各试验组总胆固醇（T-CHO）含量均低于对照组,其中4%组T-CHO含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,对照组、2%组与 6%组T-CHO含量相互间无显著差异（P>0.05）;各试验组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量均低于对照组,2%组极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,4%组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,6%组与所有组别差异不显著（P>0.05）。42 d时,6%组ALT活性极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,4%组ALT活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,2%组ALT活性与对照组相比也有一定幅度的提升（P>0.05）,各试验组之间 ALT 活性差异不显著（P>0.05）;2%组ALP活性极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）、显著高于4%组（P<0.05）;各试验组丙二醛（MDA）含量相互间无显著差异（P>0.05）,且三者MDA 含量均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;3个试验组的T-CHO含量均低于对照组,其中2%组T-CHO含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,4%组T-CHO含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,6%组与所有组别差异不显著（P>0.05）。[结论] 日粮中添加2%~6%红曲粉对1~42 d黄羽肉鸡生长性能与免疫性能未表现出明显促进作用,长期高剂量添加红曲粉存在抑制肉鸡生长、加重肝脏代谢压力的潜在风险。添加2%和4%红曲粉能够降低血脂、提高抗氧化能力。综合考虑,建议1~42 d黄羽肉鸡日粮中红曲粉添加量不超过2%;在利用其抗氧化和降血脂功能时,应严格控制添加剂量或采取分阶段饲喂策略,并加强肝功能监测。

关键词: 红曲粉, 肉鸡, 生长性能, 免疫性能, 生化指标

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of red yeast rice powder on the growth performance, immune performance, and serum biochemical indices of yellow-feathered broilers, and to provide a reference for its rational application in broiler production. [Methods] A total of 240 one-day-old slow-growing yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 3 replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2%, 4% and 6% red yeast rice powder （designated as the 2% group, 4% group and 6% group, respectively）. All experimental yellow-feathered broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis-avian influenza （H9） triple inactivated vaccine at 10 days of age. The experimental period lasted 42 days. During the experiment, body weight and feed intake of the broilers were regularly measured, and average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio at each stage were calculated. Serum samples were collected at 21 d and 42 d to determine Newcastle disease （ND） and avian influenza H9 subtype （AI H9） antibody titers as well as related serum biochemical indices. At 21 d and 42 d, three chickens were randomly selected from each group, weighed and sacrificed, and the liver, stomach, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen were separated to calculate organ indices. [Results] From 1 to 21 d, there were no significant differences in growth performance indices among the groups （P>0.05）. From 22 to 42 d, the average daily gain of all experimental groups was lower than that of the control group, and only the 6% group showed a significant difference compared with the control group （P<0.05）; there were no significant differences in average daily gain between the 2% group or 4% group and all other groups （P>0.05）. The average daily feed intake of the 2% group and 6% group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.05） and extremely significantly higher than that of the 4% group （P<0.01）, while the average daily feed intake of the 4% group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The feed-to-gain ratio of all experimental groups was higher than that of the control group; the feed-to-gain ratio of the 6% group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the 4% group （P<0.05）, and there were no significant differences among the 2% group, control group and 4% group （P>0.05）. Throughout the entire experimental period （1-42 d）, there were no significant differences in average daily gain or feed-to-gain ratio between the experimental groups and the control group （P>0.05）; the average daily feed intake of the 4% group was significantly lower than that of the 2% group and 6% group （P<0.05）, and there were no significant differences among the control group, 2% group and 6% group （P>0.05）. At 21 d and 42 d, there were no significant differences in digestive organ indices or immune organ indices among the groups （P>0.05）; there were no significant differences in avian influenza H9 subtype antibody （AI H9 Ab） titers or Newcastle disease antibody （ND Ab） titers among the groups （P>0.05）. At 21 d, the serum total protein （TP） of the three experimental groups was extremely significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）; the serum globulin （GLB） content of the 2% group and 4% group was extremely significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）, and the GLB content of the 6% group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The alanine aminotransferase （ALT） activity of all experimental groups was lower than that of the control group; the ALT activity of the 6% group was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.01） and significantly lower than that of the 4% group （P<0.05）, while the ALT activity of the 2% group showed no significant difference with any group （P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity between any experimental group and the control group （P>0.05）, but the ALP activity of the 6% group was significantly lower than that of the 2% group and 4% group （P<0.05）. The total cholesterol （T-CHO） content of all experimental groups was lower than that of the control group, among which the T-CHO content of the 4% group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）, and there were no significant differences in T-CHO content among the control group, 2% group and 6% group （P>0.05）. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） content of all experimental groups was lower than that of the control group; that of the 2% group was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.01）, that of the 4% group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）, and that of the 6% group showed no significant difference with any group （P>0.05）. At 42 d, the ALT activity of the 6% group was extremely significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）, that of the 4% group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）, and that of the 2% group also showed a certain increase compared with the control group （P>0.05）; there were no significant differences in ALT activity among the experimental groups （P>0.05）. The ALP activity of the 2% group was extremely significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01） and significantly higher than that of the 4% group （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in malondialdehyde （MDA） content among the experimental groups （P>0.05）, and the MDA content of all three groups was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.01）. The T-CHO content of the three experimental groups was lower than that of the control group, among which the T-CHO content of the 2% group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）, that of the 4% group was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.01）, and that of the 6% group showed no significant difference with any group （P>0.05）. [Conclusion] Dietary supplementation with 2%-6% red yeast rice powder shows no obvious promoting effect on the growth performance and immune performance of yellow-feathered broilers from 1 to 42 d. Long-term high-dose supplementation of red yeast rice powder has potential risks of inhibiting broiler growth and increasing hepatic metabolic pressure. Supplementation with 2% and 4% red yeast rice powder can reduce blood lipids and improve antioxidant capacity. Comprehensively considered, it is recommended that the addition level of red yeast rice powder in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers from 1 to 42 d should not exceed 2%; when utilizing its antioxidant and lipid-lowering functions, the addition dosage should be strictly controlled or a staged feeding strategy should be adopted, and liver function monitoring should be strengthened.

Key words: red yeast rice powder, broiler, growth performance, immune performance, biochemical indices

中图分类号:

S831.5

梁方莹, 蒋玲艳, 梁晨新, 程均兰, 何海珊, 陈凤梅, 莫红芳. 红曲粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(3): 62-68.

LIANG Fangying, JIANG Lingyan, LIANG Chenxin, CHENG Junlan, HE Haishan, CHEN Fengmei, MO Hongfang. Effects of Red Yeast Rice Powder on Growth Performance, Immune Performance, and Serum Biochemical Indices of Yellow-feathered Broilers[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(3): 62-68.

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