有机肥及其与化肥配施对紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2021.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探讨紫花苜蓿种植最佳施肥方案,提高其生产性能及营养品质。[方法] 以中苜2号紫花苜蓿为试验材料,以化肥和不同种类有机肥（自制有机肥、蚯蚓粪肥、商品有机肥）为供试肥料,设置14个处理,以不施肥区作为对照（CK）,处理1~4分别为化肥和各有机肥单施区,处理5~7分别为1/2化肥与1/2各有机肥配施区,处理8~10分别为1/2化肥与各有机肥配施区,处理11~13分别为1/2化肥与2倍各有机肥配施区。每个处理设3个重复,共42个小区。测定并比较不同施肥处理下3个刈割茬次紫花苜蓿的生长和营养品质指标。[结果] 在3个刈割茬次下,与CK相比,不同施肥处理（1~13）均能够显著（P<0.05）提高紫花苜蓿的干草产量、株高、可溶性糖含量、总叶绿素含量和粗蛋白质含量,显著（P<0.05）降低中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量;除第1茬的处理4未达到显著水平外,不同施肥处理的紫花苜蓿相对饲用价值均显著（P<0.05）高于CK。在第1个刈割茬次中,施用1/2化肥+自制有机肥的处理8对紫花苜蓿的生长和营养品质改善效果仅次于单施化肥的处理1;在第2个刈割茬次中,处理8对紫花苜蓿的生长和营养品质改善效果最佳,干草产量、株高、可溶性糖含量、总叶绿素含量、粗蛋白质含量和相对饲用价值均显著（P<0.05）高于其他处理,中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著（P<0.05）低于其他处理。[结论] 从不同施肥配比对紫花苜蓿中后期生长和营养品质改善效果以及化肥减量使用方面综合考虑,推荐1/2化肥+自制有机肥为可供选择的最优施肥方案。

关键词: 化肥, 有机肥, 紫花苜蓿, 产量, 品质

Abstract: [Objective] To determine the optimal fertilization scheme for alfalfa cultivation and to improve its production performance and nutritional quality. [Method] The alfalfa variety of Medicago sativa L. cv. Zhongmu No. 2 was used as experimental material, chemical fertilizer and different kinds of organic fertilizer （farmmade organic fertilizer, vermicompost fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer） were used as experimental fertilizer. A total of fourteen treatments were included: 1-4 treatments received single application of chemical fertilizer or different kinds of organic fertilizer, 5-7 treatments received combinative application of 1/2 chemical fertilizer and 1/2 different kinds of organic fertilizer, 8-10 treatments received combinative application of 1/2 chemical fertilizer and different kinds of organic fertilizer, 11-13 treatments received combinative application of 1/2 chemical fertilizer and 2 times different organic fertilizer. No fertilizer was used for the control treatment （CK）. There were 3 replicates （plots） for each treatment, and a total of 42 plots were included. The growth and nutritional quality of alfalfa of three cutting times were measured and compared under different fertilization treatments. [Result] Under three cutting times, compared with CK, different fertilization treatments （1-13） significantly （P<0.05） improved the hay yield, plant height, soluble sugar content, total chlorophyll content and crude protein content of alfalfa, and significantly （P<0.05） reduced the neutral detergent fiber content and acid detergent fiber content. Except that the treatment 4 in the first cutting did not reach the significant level, the relative feeding value of alfalfa of different fertilization treatments was all significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of CK. In the first cutting, the improvement effect of 1/2 chemical fertilizer + farmmade organic fertilizer （treatment 8） on growth and nutritional quality of alfalfa was only second to that of chemical fertilizer （treatment 1）. In the second cutting, treatment 8 had the best improvement effect on growth and nutritional quality of alfalfa. The hay yield, plant height, soluble sugar content, total chlorophyll content, crude protein content and relative feed value of treatment 8 were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those of the other treatments, and the neutral detergent fiber content and acid detergent fiber content of treatment 8 were significantly （P<0.05） lower than those of the other treatments. [Conclusion] Taking the improvement effects of different fertilization ratios on middle- and late-stage growth and nutritional quality of alfalfa as well as chemical fertilizer application reduction into consideration, 1/2 fertilizer + homemade organic fertilizer is recommended as the optimal fertilization scheme.

Key words: chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, alfalfa, yield, quality

中图分类号:

白琳, 成立新, 李蕴华, 凤英, 岳林芳, 常静, 宝华, 王志铭, 于朝晖, 李京淑. 有机肥及其与化肥配施对紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2021, 42(2): 72-79.

BAI Lin, CHENG Li-xin, LI Yun-hua, Fengying, YUE Lin-fang, CHANG Jing, Baohua, WANG Zhi-ming, YU Zhao-hui, LI Jing-shu. Effect of Combinative Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Nutritional Quality of Alfalfa[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2021, 42(2): 72-79.

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