畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 110-121.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2025.05.013

• 畜牧资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古双峰驼生态作用及数量分布变化综述

李健伟1,2, 于航1,2, 田睿林1,2, 毕力格巴图3, 牧仁1,2   

  1. 1.内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022;
    2.蒙古高原生物多样性保护与可持续利用内蒙古自治区高等学校重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022;
    3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 牧仁(1984—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事骆驼分子病理学研究工作。毕力格巴图(1984—),男,高级兽医师,主要从事畜牧兽医技术推广工作。
  • 作者简介:李健伟(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事骆驼生理病理研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究自然科学重点项目(NJZZ22560); 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目-青年基金项目(2022JBQN090); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金青年基金项目(2024QN03084)

Review of the Ecological Role and Population Distribution Dynamics of the Bactrian Camel in Inner Mongolia

LI Jianwei1,2, YU Hang1,2, TIAN Ruilin1,2, Biligebatu3, Muren1,2   

  1. 1. College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau, College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010022, China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
  • Received:2025-06-30 Published:2025-12-25

摘要: 通过研究大量文献,概括骆驼科动物的分布;进一步整理数据,系统分析中国双峰驼发展历史、品种标准及种群分布现状发现,从历史到现今双峰驼核心分布区的地理范围变化不明显,当前品种标准不完善,其在内蒙古主要分布于半荒漠、荒漠地区。双峰驼的行为特性适应荒漠生态环境,对荒漠草原植被分布、小动物生境有直接影响,是生态友好型畜种。对内蒙古地区1986—2023年近40年双峰驼数量分布规律及与牛、马、羊种间数量关系进行分析,发现双峰驼数量变化呈“U”形;其核心产区(阿拉善盟)的双峰驼数量与牛、马数量呈正相关,与羊数量呈负相关;同时,通过分析人口经济与双峰驼数量的相互关系发现,双峰驼数量与农牧区可支配收入密切相关,与核心产区人口呈负相关。上述骆驼种群数量的变化规律、与其他家畜的种间数量关系,以及和人口、经济的关联特征,为过度放牧导致草场荒漠化的生态治理提供新的解决思路。结合双峰驼在荒漠地区的生态价值和经济价值,呼吁相关部门优先加强对这一优良畜种的系统研究与保护利用。

关键词: 骆驼科, 双峰驼, 生态作用, 数量分布, 内蒙古

Abstract: Based on an extensive review of the literature, the distribution patterns of Camelidae animals were summarized. Further data collation and systematic analysis of the development history, breed standards, and current population distribution of the Bactrian camel in China revealed that the geographical range of the core distribution area of Bactrian camels has changed little from historical times to the present. Current breed standards remain incomplete, and Bactrian camels in Inner Mongolia are mainly distributed in semi-desert and desert regions. The behavioral characteristics of the Bactrian camel are well adapted to desert ecological environments, exerting direct impacts on vegetation distribution in desert steppes and on the habitats of small animals, making it an ecologically friendly livestock species. An analysis of the population distribution patterns of Bactrian camels in Inner Mongolia from 1986 to 2023 (nearly 40 years) and their interspecies population relationships with cattle, horses, and sheep revealed that the Bactrian camel population exhibited a "U"-shaped trend. In the core production area (Alxa League), the number of Bactrian camels showed a positive correlation with the number of cattle and horses, but a negative correlation with the number of sheep. Meanwhile, an analysis of the correlation between demographic and economic factors and camel population size indicated that the Bactrian camel population is closely related to the disposable income of agricultural and pastoral areas, and negatively correlated with the population in the core production area. The above-mentioned patterns of population changes in camels, interspecies population relationships with other livestock, and correlations with demographic and economic factors provide new solutions for ecological management of grassland desertification caused by overgrazing. Combining the ecological and economic value of the Bactrian camel in arid regions, it is urged that relevant authorities give priority to strengthening systematic research and the conservation and utilization of this excellent livestock species.

Key words: Camelidae, Bactrian camel, ecological role, population distribution, Inner Mongolia

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