复合益生菌发酵饲料对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 探究复合益生菌发酵饲料对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血清生化指标的影响。[方法] 选取60头健康、体重为（320±15）kg的西门塔尔杂交肉牛,随机分为4组,每组15头。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%、9%的复合益生菌发酵饲料,预试期14 d,正试期60 d。试验期间测定肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血清生化指标,探究复合益生菌发酵饲料的适宜添加比例。[结果] 生长性能方面：与Ⅰ组（对照组）相比,Ⅱ组（3%）、Ⅳ组（9%）平均日增重（ADG）小幅度提高（P>0.05）,Ⅲ组（6%）平均日增重显著（P<0.05）提高;Ⅱ组（3%）、Ⅲ组（6%）、Ⅳ组（9%）料重比（F/G）分别降低5.14%、12.39%和7.76%,其中Ⅲ组料重比显著（P<0.05）降低,其他两组与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）;各组平均日采食量（ADFI）无显著差异（P>0.05）。瘤胃发酵参数方面：各组瘤胃液pH值维持在6.35~6.48;与对照组相比,Ⅲ组氨态氮（NH₃-N）水平显著（P<0.05）降低18.50%、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）水平显著（P<0.05）增加25.62%、乙酸/丙酸（A/P）值显著（P<0.05）下降27.56%,Ⅱ组（3%）和Ⅳ组（9%）的NH₃-N、TVFA、丙酸（PA）、丁酸（BA）含量及乙酸/丙酸与对照组均无显著差异（P>0.05）。血清生化指标方面：与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清中总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）含量分别显著（P<0.05）提高12.06%、14.27%,Ⅱ组（3%）和Ⅳ组（9%）的血清中总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）含量与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）;Ⅲ组尿素氮（BUN）、总胆固醇（TC）含量分别显著（P<0.05）降低19.69%、16.01%,Ⅱ组（3%）和Ⅳ组（9%）的BUN、TC含量与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）;各组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性无显著差异（P>0.05）。[结论] 综上,基础日粮中添加6%的复合益生菌发酵饲料,可有效提升肉牛生长性能,优化瘤胃发酵环境,提升机体蛋白质代谢水平,且对肝脏功能无不良影响,是肉牛生产中的适宜添加比例。

关键词: 复合益生菌发酵饲料, 肉牛, 生长性能, 瘤胃发酵参数, 血清生化指标

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the effects of compound probiotics fermented feed on growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices of beef cattle. [Methods] Sixty healthy Simmental crossbred beef cattle with body weight of （320±15） kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups with 15 cattle in each group. The control group （group Ⅰ） was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 3%, 6% and 9% compound probiotics fermented feed, respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted 14 days and the formal experimental period lasted 60 days. During the experiment, the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices of beef cattle were measured, and the suitable supplementation ratio of compound probiotics fermented feed was explored. [Results] Regarding growth performance, compared with group Ⅰ （control group）, the average daily gain （ADG） of group Ⅱ （3%） and group Ⅳ（9%） increased slightly （P>0.05）, and the average daily gain of group Ⅲ（6%） increased significantly （P<0.05）. The feed-to-gain ratio （F/G） of group Ⅱ（3%）, group Ⅲ （6%） and group Ⅳ （9%） decreased by 5.14%, 12.39% and 7.76%, respectively. Among them, the F/G of group Ⅲ decreased significantly （P<0.05）, and there was no significant difference in the other two groups compared with the control group （P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in average daily feed intake （ADFI） among groups （P>0.05）. Regarding rumen fermentation parameters, the pH value of rumen fluid in each group was maintained at 6.35-6.48; compared with the control group, the ammonia nitrogen （NH₃-N） level in group Ⅲ significantly （P<0.05） decreased by 18.50%, the total volatile fatty acid （TVFA） level significantly （P<0.05） increased by 25.62%, and the acetic acid/propionic acid （A/P） value significantly （P<0.05） decreased by 27.56%. There was no significant difference in NH₃-N, TVFA, propionic acid （PA）, butyric acid （BA） content and acetic acid/propionic acid between group Ⅱ （3%） or group Ⅳ （9%） and the control group （P>0.05）. Regarding serum biochemical indices, compared with the control group, the serum total protein （TP） and albumin （ALB） contents in group Ⅲ significantly increased by 12.06% and 14.27%, respectively （P<0.05）, while the serum total protein （TP） and albumin （ALB） contents in groups Ⅱ （3%） and Ⅳ （9%） showed no significant differences compared with the control group （P>0.05）; the blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and total cholesterol （TC） contents in group Ⅲ significantly decreased by 19.69% and 16.01%, respectively （P<0.05）, while the BUN and TC contents in groups Ⅱ （3%） and Ⅳ （9%） showed no significant differences compared with the control group （P>0.05）; alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） activities showed no significant differences among groups （P>0.05）. [Conclusion] In summary, supplementing 6% compound probiotics fermented feed to the basic diet can effectively improve the growth performance of beef cattle, optimize the rumen fermentation environment, improve the protein metabolism level of the body, and have no adverse effect on liver function, representing a suitable supplementation ratio in beef cattle production.

Key words: compound probiotics fermented feed, beef cattle, growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, serum biochemical indices

中图分类号:

孙丙勇, 高振明, 裴丽, 田志文. 复合益生菌发酵饲料对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(3): 30-36.

SUN Bingyong, GAO Zhenming, PEI Li, TIAN Zhiwen. Effects of Compound Probiotics Fermented Feed on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Serum Biochemical Indices of Beef Cattle[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(3): 30-36.

参考文献

[1] 胡彦龙,朱建纲,张宏飞,等.饲料禁抗背景下抗生素替代物在畜禽生产中应用的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2025(8):13-19.
[2] 盛海,张倩,刘超齐,等.复合益生菌发酵饲料对大肠杆菌的抑制作用[J].饲料工业,2025,46(23):31-34.
[3] JI M T, RONG X Y, WU Y F, et al.Effects of fermented liquid feed with compound probiotics on growth performance, meat quality, and fecal microbiota of growing pigs[J].Animals,2025,15(5):733.
[4] WANG L J, LV Z Q, NING X D, et al.The effects of compound probiotics on production performance, rumen fermentation and microbiota of Hu sheep[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2024,11:1440432.
[5] 陈春雷. 益生菌发酵饲料对奶牛肠道菌群和生产性能的影响[J].中国乳业,2024(5):53-56,61.
[6] 陈宇,张娅,菅蕊.日粮添加益生菌对肉牛生产性能、肠道菌群及经济效益的影响[J].中国饲料,2023(16):29-32.
[7] 苏晓月,沈亚安,王艳萍.复合益生菌发酵饲料对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物菌群和血清指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2024,47(4):13-17.
[8] BRANCO-LOPES R, WINDER C, CANOZZI M E, et al.Effects of probiotic supplementation on growth performance and feed intake of dairy calves:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2025,108(9):9501-9515.
[9] BRANCO-LOPES R, BERNAL-CÓRDOBA C, VALLDECABRES A, et al. Characterization of controlled trials on probiotic supplementation to dairy calves:a scoping review[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2023,106(8):5388-5401.
[10] ASTUTI W D, RIDWAN R, FIDRIYANTO R, et al.Changes in rumen fermentation and bacterial profiles after administering Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a probiotic[J].Veterinary World,2022,15(8):1969-1974.
[11] KIRWAN S F, TAMASSIA L F M, WALKER N D, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane production, rumen fermentation,performance in young growing beef cattle offered a 50∶50 forage:concentrate diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2024,102:skad399.
[12] PITTALUGA A M, YANG F, GAFFNEY J R, et al. Effect of supplementation with ruminal probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma metabolites, methane emissions,the associated rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2023,101:skac308.
[13] LIU S Q, SHAH A M, YUAN M, et al.Effects of dry yeast supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, slaughter performance and microbial communities in beef cattle[J].Animal Biotechnology,2022,33(6):1150-1160.
[14] LEE S, RYU C H, BACK Y C, et al.Effect of fermented concentrate on ruminal fermentation, ruminal and fecal microbiome, and growth performance of beef cattle[J].Animals,2023,13(23):3622.
[15] WANG H B, YU Z T, GAO Z B, et al.Effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health status of neonatal Holstein calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2022,105(3):2190-2200.
[16] FREETLY H C, LINDHOLM-PERRY A K. Rumen and cecum bacteria of beef cattle that differ in feed efficiency fed a forage diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2023,101:skad292.
[17] ZHU M M, ZHANG T T, XU D H, et al.Impact of fermented wine lees on gut microbiota and metabolic responses in Guanling crossbred cattle[J].BMC Microbiology,2024,24:421.
[18] XIAO M, DU L, WEI M L, et al.Effects of quercetin on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters, gas production and microflora of beef cattle[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2025,16:1527405.
[19] MA J, WANG C, WANG Z S, et al.Active dry yeast supplementation improves the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and immune response of weaned beef calves[J].Animal Nutrition,2021,7(4):1352-1359.
[20] COLOMBO E A, COOKE R F, BRANDÃO A P, et al. Performance, health, and physiological responses of newly received feedlot cattle supplemented with pre- and probiotic ingredients[J].Animal,2021,15(5):100214.
[21] GUNUN N, SANJUN I, KAEWPILA C, et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of hydrolyzed yeast on growth performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and hematology in growing beef cattle[J].Animals,2022,12(18):2473.
[22] HE J F, LI J, GAO Q, et al.In vitro evaluation of chito-oligosaccharides on disappearance rate of nutrients, rumen fermentation parameters, and micro-flora of beef cattle[J].Animals,2024,14(11):1657.
[23] MAO K, LU G W, LI Y J, et al.Effects of rumen-protected creatine pyruvate on blood biochemical parameters and rumen fluid characteristics in transported beef cattle[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2022,18(1):35.
[24] HU Y Q, HE Y Y, GAO S, et al.The effect of a diet based on rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes versus a fresh corn Stover-based diet on the rumen bacterial community and metabolites of beef cattle[J].Scientific Reports,2020,10(1):10721.
[25] MI H, WANG Z Z, XIAO H X, et al.Fermented palm kernel cake improves the nutrient degradation of beef cattle by modulating the rumen microbiota[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2025,16:1712275.