基因编辑技术在支原体研究中的应用

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 支原体是重要的人畜共患病原体,作为一种无细胞壁的原核生物,其基因组高度精简,是合成生物学、基因组最小化研究领域的理想模型。基因编辑是解析支原体生物学特性的核心工具,文章系统归纳 Tn 转座子、同源重组、CRISPR/Cas 系统三大类主流操作技术,阐释各类技术的作用原理、技术特点与改良优化方案;其中 CRISPR/Cas 系统又细分 CRISPR/Cas9、CRISPR 干扰（CRISPRi）、碱基编辑、SURE 编辑等衍生工具。不同编辑技术各有适用场景,现已广泛应用于支原体基因功能验证与致病机制解析、弱毒疫苗研发、病原快速检测、合成生物学底盘细胞构建等方向：Tn 转座子与 CRISPR/Cas9 适用于致病机理挖掘及疫苗研发,CRISPR 衍生诊断技术则在病原快速检测中具备独特优势。综上,各类基因编辑工具经整合改良后,已成为支原体基础研究与应用开发的核心技术体系,可为支原体疫病防控及生物技术创新提供关键支撑。

关键词: 支原体, 基因编辑, CRISPR/Cas, 转座子, 致病机制, 疫苗研制, 合成生物学

Abstract: Mycoplasma is an important zoonotic pathogen. As a cell-wall-free prokaryote, its genome is highly streamlined and is an ideal model for synthetic biology and genome minimization research. Gene editing is a core tool for analyzing the biological characteristics of mycoplasma. This paper systematically summarizes three major categories of mainstream operational technologies: Tn transposons, homologous recombination and CRISPR/Cas systems, and explains the principles of action, technical characteristics and optimization and improvement strategies of each technology;Among them, the CRISPR/Cas systems is subdivided into CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR interference （CRISPRi）, base editing, SURE editing and other derivative tools. Different editing techniques have their respective applicable scenarios, and have been widely used in mycoplasma gene functional verification and pathogenic mechanism analysis, development of attenuated vaccines, rapid detection of pathogens, and construction of synthetic biology chassis cells and other applications: Tn transposons and CRISPR/Cas9 are suitable for pathogenic mechanism mining and vaccine development, while CRISPR-derived diagnostic techniques have unique advantages in rapid detection of pathogens. In summary, after integration and improvement, different types of gene editing tools have become the core technology system for basic research and application development of mycoplasma, which can provide key support for the prevention and control of mycoplasma diseases and the innovation of biological technology.

Key words: mycoplasma, gene editing, CRISPR/Cas, transposon, pathogenic mechanism, vaccine development, synthetic biology

中图分类号:

S852.62
Q78

石婧宇, 白露露, 王娜, 白帆, 张帆, 张月梅, 戴伶俐. 基因编辑技术在支原体研究中的应用[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2026, 47(3): 121-128.

SHI Jingyu, BAI Lulu, WANG Na, BAI Fan, ZHANG Fan, ZHANG Yuemei, DAI Lingli. Applications of Gene Editing Technologies in Mycoplasma Research[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2026, 47(3): 121-128.

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