[Objective]To synthesize the codon optimized endoglucanase-encoding gene and cellobiohydrolase-encoding gene and to realize their constitutive and secretive expression in Lactococcus lactis（L. lactis）. [Methods]The codons of endoglucanase-encoding gene of Piromyces rhizinflatus（P. rhizinflatus） cbh YW23-1（Gen Bank Accession Number：EU314937.1） and cellobiohydrolase-encoding gene of Fibrobacter succinogenes（F. succinogenes） end-1（Gen Bank Accession Number： X88561.1） were optimized according to the codons usage bias of L. lactis MG1363; the restriction enzyme sites of ClaⅠ/XbaⅠand Hind Ⅲ were introduced to the upstream and downstream of the two genes respectively to obtain the cloning vectors of p UC57-cbh YW23-1 and p UC57-end-1; after digestion by restriction enzyme,the two cloning vectors were connected with a constructed constitutive secretion vector p MG36e＋P32 ＋SPusp45,respectively; the obtained expression vectors for the two genes were introduced into L. lactis MG1363 by electrotransformation; the recombinants with high copy number were screened by erythromycin resistance selection; the CMC-Na was used as substrate to assess the activity and expression profile of the expressed endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase. [Results]The secretive expression vectors for cbh YW23-1 gene and end-1 gene were successfully constructed; the two genes were highly efficiently and stablely expressed in L. lactis MG1363; the activity of endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase expressed by the recombinant strains was 118.80 U/mL and 294.32 U/mL. [Conclusion]Two codon-optimized cellulose enzyme genes were successfully expressed in L. lactis,and the construction of the highly efficient genetic engineering bacteria lays the technical foundation for industrialized production of the two cellulose enzymes in the future.

The total RNA of Trichoderma koningii AS3.2774 was extracted with RNA Extraction Kit for plant leaf. A pair of primers was designed to amplify the c DNA of CBH Ⅱ gene by RT-PCR according to the published sequence of Trichoderma koningii CBH Ⅱ gene（Accession Number： DQ504304）,and the obtained c DNA was cloned into E. coli and subsequently sequenced. The sequence analysis result showed that the sequence similarity between the cDNA obtained in this study and the published sequence of Trichoderma koningii CBH Ⅱ gene was 99.86%.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Mongolian medicine composition compound on mastitis in mice. The mastitis model was prepared by intrathymic injection of mixed culture suspension of Escherichia coli（E.coli） and Staphylococcus aureus（S. aureus）. At 24 h after challenge,the mice in positive control group,negative control group,and Mongolian medicine composition compound group were given ciprofloxacin,normal saline,and Mongolian medicine composition compound by intragastric administration once daily for 3 consecutive days. At the 24 h after challenge（pre-treatment） and 72 h after administration（post-treatment）,the clinical symptom and histopathological change of mammary gland of the mice were observed,and the content of TNF-α and IL-6 in mammary gland tissue homogenates and the total bacterial count in mammary gland were determined. The results showed that the Mongolian medicine composition compound was able to repair the injury of the mammary gland caused by co-infection of E. coli and S. aureus and significantly reduce the content of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as total bacterial count in mammary gland of mastitis modle mice（P〈0.05）. The Mongolian medicine composition compound shows therapeutic effect on mastitis in mice caused by co-infection of E. coli and S. aureus.

Pulsatilla chinensis is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicines in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of poultry and livestock which has the efficacy of clearing heat and antibacterial activity. Polysaccharide is one of the crucial effective components in PulsatiUa chinensis. In this study, the polysaccharide content in Pulsatilla chinensis was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method; the influencing factors associated with the extraction rate of polysaccharide in PulsatiUa chinensis were assessed by single factor experiment. The results revealed that the comminution mesh number for Pulsatilla chinensis was 60, the soaking duration was 90 min, the feed solution proportion was 1：50, the extracting temperature was 95℃, the extracting duration was 90 min, and the extracting times was 2. Under this condition, the highest extracting rate of polysaccharide was obtained from Pulsatilla chinensis. The results of verification experiment showed that the highest extracting rate of polysaccharide reached （21.7±0.55 ） %. This study lays a foundation for the scaled production of polysaccharide from Puls atilla chine ns is .

In order to establish a highly efficient method for SNP genotyping of FecB gene in Tan Sheep,the SNP genotyping of FecB gene from 373 Tan Sheep were conducted using TaqMan probe. The results showed that there were three genotypes in the FecB gene： 87% of wild type（XX）,12% of heterozygous type（XY） and 1% of homozygous mutant type（YY）,and their average litter size was 2.01,2.44 and 3.81,respectively. The combined data showed that the FecB gene can be used as a molecular genetic marker for selection of fecundity traits of Tan Sheep and the presence of certain genotype of FecB gene indicates the higher litter size; the establishment of high-prolificacy varieties of Tan Sheep may be accelerated by FecB genotype selection.

This study aimed to assess the effect of a differentially expressed gene BMP6 screened by SSH on twining trait of Mongolian Sheep and its underling mechanism. The mRNA expression pattern of BMP6 gene in ovarian tissues of multiparous and uniparous Mongolian ewes on the 0^th,5^th,10^ th,15^ thday of oestrum were determined and statistically compared by RT-qPCR. The results showed that during a whole estrous cycle,the mRNA expression profile of BMP6 gene in ovarian tissues of multiparous and uniparous Mongolian ewes exhibited a similar trend of change： on the 0thday of oestrum,the lowest expression level of BMP6 gene was observed,and the highest expression level was observed on the 10 ^thday of oestrum（P〈0.05）; on the 0^thand 10^ thday of oestrum,the mRNA expression of BMP6 gene in multiparous Mongolian ewes was significantly higher（P〈0.05） and very significantly higher（P〈0.01） than that of single-lamb Mongolian ewes,respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that BMP6 is a candidate gene for twining trait of Mongolian Sheep.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the commonly used processing technologies for forage feed. We introduce the preparation methods for forage hay（natural drying,artificial drying,mechanical flattening and chemical drying methods） and processing technologies for forage blocks and forage particles. Meanwhile,we also analyze the influencing factors of forage product quality and compare the feeding effect of forage product prepared by different processing technologies,so as to provide references for the production,processing and application in animal production of forage feed.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the palatability of Lepidium latifolium and its effect on weight gain of beef cattle and to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of new feed resources. A total of eighteen 8-to 10-month-old healthy beef cattle were randomly assigned to one of three groups such that control group（n=6） fed on a diet consisting of basil diet（20%）,corn stalk（40%） and wheat straw（40%）; experimental groupⅠ（n=6） fed on a diet consisting of basil diet（20%）,corn stalk（40%） and Lepidium latifolium（40%）; experimental groupⅡ（n=6） fed on a diet consisting of basil diet（20%）,wheat straw（40%） and Lepidium latifolium（40%）. The feeding experiment lasted for 30 days. The body condition of the beef cattle in each group was observed and evaluated; the average daily feed intake（observation period lasted for 15 days）,grazing speed（observation period lasted for 10 days）,weight gain,and daily weight gain of each group were calculated and statistically compared. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of the two experimental groups was gradually increased with extension of experimental period,and was significantly higher than that of control group on the 15^ thday of observation period（P〈0.05）; in the initial of the experiment,the grazing speed of the two experimental groups was significantly or very significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; after a short adaptation period,the grazing speed of the two experimental groups was generally increased,and there were no significant differences in grazing speed between the two experimental groups and the control group（P〉0.05）; at the end of the 30-day feeding experiment,the body condition of each group was good,and the physical sign and coat color of the beef cattle in experimental group Ⅰ was better; the weight gain of experimental group Ⅰ was very significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.01） and significantly higher than that of experimental groupⅡ（P〈0.05）; compared to control group and experimental groupⅡ,the daily weight gain of experimental groupⅠwas increased by 23.33% and 12.12%,respectively; compared to control group,the daily weight gain of experimental group Ⅱwas increased by 10.00%. The combined data showed that Lepidium latifolium has good palatability and is able to significantly improve the weight gain of beef cattle,indicating that it may serve as a new feed resource for confined livestock.

This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of yeast selenium on production performance and diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets. A total of 120 ＂Duroc ×Landrace ×Large White＂ weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups with five repeats for each group and six piglets for each repeat. The basil diet of control group was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite,and that of the experimental groups 1,2,3 was supplemented with 0.1,0.3,0.5 mg/kg of yeast selenium. The experimental period lasted for 28 days. At the end of the experiment,the ending weight,daily gain,daily feed intake,feed/gain ratio,diarrhea incidence,and death and culling rate of the piglets from different groups were determined and statistically compared. The results showed that experimental groups 2 and 3 had higher ending weight,daily gain,daily feed intake and lower feed/gain ratio compared to control group（P〉0.05）; the diarrhea incidence of experimental groups 2and 3 was lower than that of control group（P〉0.05）,and the death and culling rate of experimental groups 2 and 3 was significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）; no significant differences were observed in all of the tested indicators between experimental groups 2 and 3（P〉0.05）. In conclusion,as an organic selenium source,yeast selenium can improve the production performance and reduce the diarrhea incidence as well as death and culling rate of weaned piglets. Taking the feeding effect and production cost into consideration,the recommended addition of yeast selenium in feed was 0.3 mg/kg.

Astragalus polysaccharide is water-soluble neutral heteropolysaccharide. Studies have demonstrated that dietary supplementation of astragalus polysaccharide is able to improve the antioxidant capacity,immune function,production performance and intestinal development of animals. Astragalus polysaccharide also shows antibacterial activity. The molecular structure,composition,extraction technology and biological activities of astragalus polysaccharide are reviewed in this paper,so as to provide theoretical basis for its further development and utilization as a feed additive.

[Objective]To assess the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of a functional food produced with kelp,garlic and ginger as main raw materials. [Methods]A total of 60 Kunming mice were randomly assigned into healthy control group,hyperlipidemia model control group,positive control group,seaweed functional food low-dose group,and seaweed functional food high-dose group. The healthy control group fed 8 g normal diet daily,and the other four groups fed a high fat diet to prepare the hyperlipidemia model. During the model establishment,the diet of positive control group was supplemented with 164 mg（kg·BW·d） of Xuezhikang,and that of the seaweed functional food low-dose and high-dose group was supplemented with 307 mg/（kg·BW·d）and 614 mg/（kg·BW·d） of seaweed functional food,respectively. After 28 days,the serum contents of total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,and high density lipoprotein（HDL-C） of the mice were determined,and the atherosclerosis index（AI）,liver index and spleen index were also calculated.[Results]Compared to hyperlipidemia model control group,the TC,TG and AI of the seaweed functional food high-dose group were reduced by 18.33%,22.16% and 40.7%,the HDL-C was increased by 34.9%,and the liver index and spleen index were reduced by 12.5% and 13.3%. [Conclusion]The seaweed functional food can significantly inhibit the increase of serum contents of TC and TG content as well as AI and the decrease of HDL-C content of mice induced by high fat diet. It can prevent the formation of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in experimental mice and showed a certain doseeffect way.

Coconut is a common fruit in tropical area which shows protective effect against hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia.Coconut（coconut milk and meat） contains rich nutritional component and has high utilization value. In this study,coconut was used as the main raw material to develop coconut meat and lactic acid bacteria beverage,and the processing technology of the beverage was investigated. The orthogonal test was conducted based on the single factor test,and the screened optimum formula was： the proportion of coconut meat and water was1∶6; the ratio of coconut milk and pure milk was 1∶3; the addition of lactic acid bacteria,sugar,xanthan gum,and citric acid was 0.20%,8%,0.05% and 0.3%,respectively; the fermentation temperature was 42℃.

The aim of the present study was to assess the differences in fatty acid,amino acid,vitamin and microelement of mutton between Gangba Sheep,Shannan Sheep and Qinghai Sheep. The results showed that the contents of palmitic acid（C16∶0）,capric acid（C10∶0）,heptadecanoic acid（C17∶0）,behenic acid（C22∶0）,teracosanoic acid（C24∶0） in mutton of Gangba Sheep were significantly higher compared to Shannan Sheep and Qinghai Sheep（P〈0.05）; except for cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid（C17∶1n7）and oleic acid（C18∶1n9c）,the other monounsaturated fatty acid contents in mutton of Gangba Sheep were all significantly higher than Shannan Sheep and Qinghai Sheep（P〈0.05）; the content of arachidonic acid（C20∶4n6） in mutton of Gangba Sheep was significantly higher compared to Shannan Sheep and Qinghai Sheep（P〈0.05）. Except for tryptophan,the contents of the other essential amino acids were significantly higher compared to Shannan Sheep and Qinghai Sheep（P〈0.05）. The mutton of Gangba Sheep contained higher content of VA and microelement of selenium and ferrum which was beneficial for human health. The combined data showed that the mutton of Gangba Sheep contains multiple varieties and higher content of fatty acid and amino acid as well as microelement of selenium and ferrum,indicating that the mutton of Gangba Sheep has unique nutritional value.

The variation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in water of shrimp culture pond and the influence of aquiculture activities on environment are reviewed. Furthermore,the adverse effects of wastewater from shrimp culture on surrounding seawater quality were analyzed and the corresponding control measures were proposed,so as to provide references for the sustainable development and management of shrimp culture.

Wetlands have important ecological functions such as maintaining water,purifying water quality,controlling flood and drought,regulating climate,maintaining biodiversity,and so on. Additionally,the protection,restoration and utilization of wetlands arouse increasing attention. According to the degradation mechanism of the Elesitunur wetland in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia,the unattended FSM-3.5 type wind-powered water pumping machine was used to replenish water source to the wetland.The application of this water pumping machine aimed to improve the health status of the Elesitunur wetland and the living environment of plants and migrants in this wetland,and to promote the restoration of water ecology of the wetland. The working principle,structure feature and related parameters of the FSM-3.5 type wind-powered water pumping machine were introduced,and the application effect of this machine in Elesitunur wetland was evaluated by experimental study. The results showed that the replenishment of water source to the degraded wetland by using FSM-3.5 type wind-powered water pumping machine is an effective way to restore the local water ecology in Elesitunur wetland.

In this paper,we introduce the research status and key technology of agricultural big data at home and abroad,analyze an application example of agricultural big data in Inner Mongolia,discuss the market trend of big data,and mainly elaborate the significance of application system construction of agricultural big data in Inner Mongolia and its benefit to social and economic development,so as to provide theoretical references for effectively promoting the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture in Inner Mongolia.

To meet the requirement of third-party detection institution on the ability and quality of detection stuffs,we introduced the content regarding detection basic knowledge and laboratory management system in the course of Food Testing New Technology Progress. In the process of curriculum system construction,we introduced a specific test data batch for quality control,so that the students were in the simulation of the actual working situation,mastered the basic knowledge,understood the laboratory management system,and we gained a good teaching effect.

In order to improve the practical teaching effect of Herbage Production Technique,the current situation of practical teaching of this curriculum is introduced in this paper. A series of measures,such as improving the practical teaching idea of teachers,enhancing the construction of teaching staff,transforming the roles for teachers and undergraduates,emphasizing the standardized operation in practical teaching,giving full play to the functions of practice training base inside college,combining the education with production and research,and improving the learning interest of undergraduates,are taken to fully exert the roles of practical teaching in achieving the aim of cultivating talents.

Teaching reform is the crucial motivation to promote the pharmaceutical talent cultivation. To cultivate the applied talents in pharmacy category,the teaching reform of colleges and universities should be deepen and the diversification of talent cultivation mechanism should be promoted. Taking ＂Internet ＋ ＂ as an opportunity,the diversification of talent cultivation mechanism in the mode of college-enterprise cooperation is analyzed based on the integration of resources from colleges and society,so as to provide references for the cultivation of applied pharmaceutical talents required by society.

Biological specialties include the disciplines of biological science,bioengineering,biotechnology,and so on,which cover massive contents and a wide range of knowledge. There are some common features of these specialties,such as the span between the knowledge of different disciplines is relatively large,the technology of the disciplines updates rapidly,and the practicality of the specialties is relatively strong. Under the new situation,the simple teaching method can no longer meet the requirement of biological specialties teaching. The application of multiple teaching methods and ways by teachers should be encouraged to cultivate the creative thinking and comprehensive qualities of undergraduates and to improve the comprehensive qualities of teachers as well as the competitiveness of undergraduates.

As a newly set first-level discipline of undergraduate education,pratacultural science develops rapidly within recent years. It is very important to cultivate talents who are simultaneously skilled at professional knowledge and foreign languages.Although professional English course is important for students to understand the status and development of pratacultural science in other countries and to expend international communication,college students do not put sufficient emphasis on it due to the lack of necessary teaching methods and teaching content. In view of the existing problems in teaching of professional English of pratacultural science,some suggestions such as improving teaching methods and widening extra-curricular teaching are proposed,so as to improve the teaching effects of this course and promote the cultivation of compound talents in pratacultural science.

The advantages of rural poor areas in development of beef cattle breeding are analyzed,and some suggestions such as enhancing the policy support,improving the beef cattle breeds,improving the technical level of cattle breeding,and strengthening the team construction of animal husbandry and veterinary working stuffs are proposed,so as to ensure the implementation of poverty elimination in poor areas by development of beef cattle breeding.

In order to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus（S. aureus） from scaled dairy farms of Henan Province,a total of 500 raw milk samples were collected to isolate S. aureus. The isolates were identified by BD PhoenixTM100 compact automatic microbial analysis system. The antimicrobial su/sceptibility test was carried out by micro-broth dilution method. The results showed that 26 isolates were isolated and identified as S. aureus,indicating that the isolating rate was 5.20%.All of the isolates（100%） were resistant to penicillin and most of them（69.23%） were resistant to sulfisoxazole. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to clindamycin,tilmicosin,gentamicin,enrofloxacin,ofloxacin,florfenicol,and tiamulin. The results obtained in this study suggest that the resistance status of S. aureus isolates from scaled dairy farms of Henan Province to penicillin and sulfisoxazole is serious and these two drugs should be cautiously used in dairy production.

In order to understand the incidence of pet canine dermatosis,a total of 37 suspected cases collected from a pet hospital in Beijing Haidian District from August to September 2016 were investigated. The results showed that 51.35% of the cases were observed in the dogs under 3 years old; the cases caused by co-infection of fungus and bacteria were commonly observed and accounted for 54.05%,followed by those caused by co-infection of fungus,bacteria and Sarcoptes（16.22%） and those caused by co-infection of fungus,bacteria and Demodex（10.81%）; the cases caused by co-infection of bacteria and Sarcoptes accounted for 5.41%,and the cases caused by co-infection of fungus and Sarcoptes and the cases caused by simple infection of fungus both account for 2.70%; the cases associated with other etiological factors accounted for 8.11%; higher prevalence of dermatosis was observed in Teddy dogs and Chinese Field dogs,and male dogs seemed more susceptible to dermatosis compared to female ones.The combined data showed that the incidence of dermatosis caused by infection of fungus or bacteria is relatively higher in the dogs within 3 years old,which should be paid more attention.

Fatty liver syndrome （FLS） is a commonly observed metabolic disease in laying hens. This disease attracts increasing attention because it always brings huge economic losses to poultry industry. Here, we review the causing factors of FLS and its nutritional regulating measures, so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of FLS.