Variable domain of heavy chain antibody （VHH） is currently the smallest natural antibody molecule fragment with complete function which has a broad application prospect in the fields of basic research and drug development. The aim of the present study was to construct a natural single domain antibody library of Bactrian camel and to preliminarily identify the established antibody library. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of five non-immunized healthy Bactrian camels, then reversely transcribed to cDNA, and amplified by PCR to obtain the gene which encoding the camel antibody variable region. By ligation with the phage vector, the recombinant phage was electroporated into competent cells of E. coli TG1 to construct a natural single domain antibody library of Bactrian camel. The results demonstrated that the size of the constructed library was 4.4 × 107 and the transformation positive rate was 75%; the variations in sequence and length of CDR3 region indicated the good diversity of the constructed library. A natural single domain antibody library of Bactrian camel is successfully constructed in this study, which will be fundamental for the valuable single domain antibody screening for specific antigens.

The aim of the present study was to establish a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for determination of tetrahydropalmatine in the Chinese medicine compound Jianwei dispersible tablet, and to evaluate and compare the tetrahydropalmatine content in the dispersible tablet prepared by mixed extraction method and single extraction method using the established HPLC method. The HPLC system was equipped with the Agilent SB-C18 column （250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm）; the methanol-phosphate （65：35） buffer （pH value = 6.0） was used as the mobile phase; the isolated gradients were detected at 280 nm wavelength with an ultraviolet detection. The results showed that the established HPLC method had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-1.0 μg/mL for tetrahydropalmatine （r=0.9989）; the average recovery of tetrahydropalmatine was 99.99% with RSD of 0.91%; the average content of tetrahydropalmatine in the dispersible tablet prepared by mixed extraction method and single extraction method was 2.430 7 mg/g （RSD=0.57%, n=6） and 1.937 5 mg/g （RSD=2.17%, n=6） respectively, indicating that the preparation effect of the former method is better. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the established HPLC method is sensitive, convenient, accurate and reproducible for determination of tetrahydropalmatine in Chinese medicine compound Jianwei dispersible tablet.

In the present study, the tolerable time for starvation of Apodemus agrarius under experimental condition with ambient temperature of （10±2）℃ （similar to the temperature of spring and autumn） and （20±2） ℃ （similar to the temperature of summer） was evaluated respectively. For both experimental ambient temperatures, water and food shortage treatment, water supply and food shortage treatment, and water shortage and food supply treatment were set. The results showed that the average tolerable time for starvation ofApodemus agrarius under ambient temperature of （10±2） ℃ was （71.6±45.4） h, and that of water and food shortage treatment, water supply and food shortage treatment, and water shortage and food supply treatment was （37.6±15.1 ） h, （53.5± 18.3 ） h and （123.8±37.4） h, respectively; the average tolerable time for starvation of Apodemus agrarius under ambient temperature of （20±2） ℃ was （140.4±69.7） h, and that of water and food shortage treatment, water supply and food shortage treatment, and water shortage and food supply treatment was （92.9±20.9） h, （105.1±23.9）h, and （223.1±55.0） h, respectively. The combined data suggest that the reliance of Apodemus agrarius on food is more than water, and Apodemus agrarius has stronger starvation resistance in environment with higher ambient temperature.

Histone deacetylases （HDACs） are key proteinases involving in gene regulation. Acetylation is a reversible covalent modification action for protein. HDACs are able to regulate the transcription and expression level of a specific gene and to induce cell differentiation and apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a novel type of HDACs, Scriptaid, on development of cloned embryos in swine. The cloned pig embryos were treated with different concentrations of Scriptaid for different duration. The cleavage rate and developmental ability of the embryos were determined in vitro. The fetal fibroblasts of landrace pig from Lingyuan Hefeng Pig Breeding Farm were used as donor cells and the embryos were obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT） technology. The reconstructed embryos were treated with different concentrations of Scriptaid （0, 200, 500, 700, 900 nmol/L） for 0, 15, 36, 72 hours, respectively. The cleavage rate and blastocyst development rate of the embryos in two-cell stage were determined. The relative expression of Oct4 and Sox2 genes of the embryos in two-cell stage in untreated group and Scriptaid treatment group were evaluated by using Real-time assay. The results showed that compared to the untreated group, the 500 nmol/L Scriptaid treatment group had significantly higher blastocyst development rate （P〈0.05）; no significant differences were observed in cleavage rate of embryos in two-cell stage. In blastocyst stage, the relative expression of Oct4 gene of the cloned embryos in untreated group was significantly lower than that in Scriptaid treatment group （P〈0.05）, indicating that the relative expression of Oct4 gene of the cloned embryos was significantly increased after the treatment of 500 nmoFL Scriptaid; no significant differences in the relative expression of Sox2 gene of the cloned embryos between untreated group and Scriptaid treatment group were observed （P〉0.05）, indicating that although the relative expression of Oct4 gene was increased after the treatment of 500 nmol/L Scriptaid, there were no significant differences between control group and Scriptaid treatment group.

Brachionus plicatilis is frequently used in detection of water ammonia-nitrogen pollution produced by industrial pollutant discharge as well as agricultural and domestic sewage discharge due to its rapid propagation and easiness of culture in vitro. This study was conducted to assess the effect of ammonia-nitrogen pollution on growth, development and propagation of individual and population of Brachionus plicatilis. Brachionus plicatilis was received the treatment with different concentration of non-ionic ammonia, and the intracellular activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） was determined at the different time-points of treatment. The results showed that low concentration of non-ionic ammonia had no obvious effect on longevity of Brachionus plicatilis; when the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in seawater reached up to 0.01‰ ,the longevity and total fertility of Brachionus plicatilis was significantly reduced; the decrease of the total fertility was probably associated with the presence of death in the growth period. The population experiment results showed that the maximum environmental carrying capacity of the Brachionus plicatilis treated with high concentration of non-ionic ammonia was reduced, and the male Brachionus plicatilis appeared earlier. The high concentration of non-ionic ammonia reduced the activity of the two anti-oxygen protective enzymes of SOD and GST; the increase of free radicals and the decrease of anti-oxygen activity accelerate the aging of Brachionus plicatilis, which was speculatively considered as one of the reasons associated with the longevity shortening of Brachionus plicatilis individual. The results obtained in this study reveal the inhibitory effect of high concentration of non-ionic ammonia on growth and propagation of Brachionus plicatilis at both individual and population level. Furthermore, the underling mechanisms were assessed at the cellular level, which provides favorable evidence for confirming the adverse effects of non-ionic ammonia pollution on marine plankton.

In the present study, five seasonal regulation of grazing intensity treatments and one control treatment were set to assess the response of soil physical and chemical properties to seasonal regulation of grazing intensity in Stipa breviflora steppe. The results revealed that grazing had obvious impact on soil physical properties： the soil bulk density was significantly increased with the increase of grazing intensity （P〈0.05）, especially in the whole-year heavily grazed soil; the soil moisture was decreased with the increase of grazing intensity and the statistically significant reduction was observed in 0-20 cm layer of the whole-year heavily grazed soil （P〈0.05）. Different grazing treatments had no significant impact on soil organic matter content of 0-20 cm and 30-40 cm soil layer （P〉0.05）, and had no significant impact on soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen content of 10-d0 cm soil layer （P〉0.05）; for the treatment of no grazing in spring ＋ heavy grazing in summer ＋ moderate grazing in autumn, the soil available nitrogen content of 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly increased （P〈0.05）; the total phosphorus content of 10-20 cm soil layer in the above mentioned treatment was significantly increased （P〈0.05）, but no significant differences in soil total phosphorus content in the other soil layers between the different grazing treatments were observed （P〉0.05）; grazing had no significant impact on soil available phosphorus and total potassium content （P〉0.05）, and had no significant impact on soil available potassium content of 0-20 cm soil layer （P〉0.05）. The combined data demonstrate that the grazing intensity seasonal regulation mode of no grazing in spring ＋ heavy grazing in summer ＋ moderate grazing in autumn is the optimum utilization pattern of Stipa breviflora steppe.

In order to screen the oat varieties suitable to the climate conditions of Gonghe County of Qinghai Province, a total of six oat varieties, including Qingyan NO.l, Jiayan NO.2, Baiyan NO.7, Qingyin No.l, Qingyin No.2 and Qinghai Sweet Oat, were introduced in 2016 from Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Sciences. The comparative trial of the six introduced oat varieties was conducted in Jiangxigou Town of Gonghe County and their phenological period, morphological characteristics and grass yield were determined and compared. The results showed that Qingyin No.2, Qingyin No.l and Qinghai Sweet Oat exhibited better productive performance, indicating that these three varieties should be promoted in establishment of artificial forage base in Gonghe County.

In order to determine the appropriate dietary lysine and sulfur amino acid ratio for Rex Rabbit in late fattening period, a total of 300 3-month-old white Rex Rabbit were randomly and averagely divided into six groups. The lysine （0.80%） and sulfur amino acid （0.56%） ratio in basal diet of control group was 1：0.7 and that of experimental Ⅰ to Ⅴ group was adjust to 1：0.8, 1：0.9, 1 ： 1.0, 1 ： 1.1, 1 ： 1.2 by supplementing methionine. The experimental period lasted for 50 days; the disease incidence and mortality of Rex Rabbits in each group during the whole experiment period were observed and recorded, and the survival rate was calculated; at the end of the experiment, the hair density and hair length of Rex Rabbits in different groups were determined and statistically compared; the fur quality and market price of Rex Rabbits in different groups were evaluated and compared. The results revealed that the hair density of experimental Ⅱ group was very significantly higher than that of control group, experimental Ⅲ group and experimental Ⅴ group （P〈0.01）, and was significantly higher than that of experimental Ⅳ group （P〈 0.05 ）; the hair density of experimental I group was significantly higher than that of control group, experimental Ⅲ group and experimental V group （P〈0.05）; different dietary lysine and sulfur amino acid ratio had no significant impact on hair length of Rex Rabbit （P〉0.05）; there were 25 pieces of first-grade fur in both experimental I group and experimental Ⅱ group which were more than that in the other groups; the highest proportion （73.33%） of superior-grade fur was obtained in experimental Ⅱ group; the income from fur selling of control group, experimental Ⅲ group, experimental IV group and experimental V group was 4.75%, 8.29%, 5.70%, 13.62% less than that of experimental Ⅱ group; the highest （100%） and the lowest survival rate （88.00%） were observed in experimental Ⅰ group and experimental Ⅴ group, respectively. Under the experimental condition （basal diet containing 0.80% of lysine） of this study, the recommended dietary lysine and sulfur amino acid ratio for Rex Rabbit in late fattening period was （ 1：0.8）-（1：0.9）.

The importance of transgenie animal to human and its potential risks is clarified by reviewing the transgenic animal research status and analysis of its social effects. This paper is intended to make more people have an objective and comprehensive understanding on transgenic animals and its product, so that the studies on transgenic animals can healthily develop.

Laboratory animals are basic materials for modern life science research. The industrialization development for universities is in accord with the international situation and is contribute to cultivate practical talents. Laboratory animal center is one of the development points to achieve the industrialization for medical universities and is also a service platform of education combined with production and research. It is helpful for the research and utilization of local drug, establishment of regional common diseases models, and communication of clinical research. The law of laboratory animals production in universities to control the cost is analyzed and the developmental mode of experimental animal in universities is discussed combined with the essence of universities, so as to truly realize the laboratory animal industrialization development with universities characteristics.

[ Objective ] To realize the traceability of dairy products produced in Hohhot region of Inner Mongolia, to improve the quality of local consuming and exporting dairy products, and to strengthen the scientific management of the quality and safety of dairy products in this region. [ Methods ]Bibliographic study and systematic study approaches were used in this study. The quality and safety traceability system of dairy products in Hohhot region was constructed by using B/S mode, SQL Server 2000 database, SSH framework, and JSP language programming. Based on the encryption algorithm from streamed code to trace code used in the domestically developed dairy product quality and safety traceability system, a simplified 16-bit coding scheme was designed in this study. The ＂one product one code＂ and safety traceability issues were solved by using the technology of data cache, bar code recognition and backtracking code. [Results ] From the perspective of the whole food chain safety, an information management system for the whole process of dairy production and sales was constructed, and the accuracy and sharing of dairy product information was guaranteed by the use of trace code. [ Conclusion ] The correctness of the program is verified by various methods of software testing, which ensures the feasibility of implementation of the system. A quality and safety traceability system of dairy products in Hohhot region of Inner Mongolia is successfully established and it can be applied in the quality and safety traceability of various dairy products in this region.

Bacillus subtilis is widely used in production of feed and bio-pesticide. In this paper, the characteristics of antibacterial protein and antibacterial lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis are summarized, so as to provide references for extending the application of antibacterial substances of Bacillus subtilis.

Polysaccharide extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. exhibits the capacity to promote the cell growth. There are a series of extracting methods for polysaccharide from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.. In this paper, the composing components, extraction process and the biological functions of the polysaccharide from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. are reviewed, so as to provide scientific references for its further development of utilization.

Based on the meteorological observation data collected from 1961 to 2016 by the Ewenke Autonomous Banner National Ordinary Meteorological Observing Station, the climatic characteristics of hail in this region was analyzed. The results showed that the annual average hail days were 1.5 days and the maximum of the annual hail days （7 days） was observed in 1980 and 1984. The annual variation of the hail days exhibited a decreasing tendency. The presence of hail showed an obvious seasonal feature, and the hail most frequently emerged in summer.

In the present study, the climate change of Ewenke Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia in the recent 35 years was analyzed based on the meteorological data from 1981 to 2015 provided by Ewenke Autonomous Banner Meteorological Bureau. The results showed that the temperature of this region exhibited an increasing trend; the linear trend of precipitation was not obvious and fluctuated greatly. The average temperature during the growing season increased significantly; the fact that early frost period occurred later and final frost period appeared obviously earlier was the main reason causing the extension of frost-free period. The effective accumulated temperature of≥0 ℃, ≥5 ℃ and≥ 10 ℃ all showed the increasing tendency.

In order to meet the demand of establishing the famous application-oriented university, to improve the teaching quality, and to cultivate the undergraduates＇ comprehensive innovation abilities, the theoretical and practical teaching of Animal Nutrition is discussed and reformed from the aspect of teaching content, teaching methods and examination method.

Animal science specialty of local universities is closely related with production practice. In order to cultivate high quality application-oriented professional talents who meet the market demands, according to the actual situation of Xinyang College of Agricultural and Forestry, practice and exploration are made on the following aspect： talent training mode reform, practical teaching conditions enhancement, teaching methods and means optimization, teaching team construction, and comprehensive evaluation system application.

In order to cultivate the practical skilled talents of animal science specialty for Tibet, the practical teaching reform of Cattle Production Science which is one of the core professional courses for this specialty is conducted on the following aspects： practice teaching outline revision, experimental teaching reform, teaching practice reform, and so on. After the implementation of the reforming measures, the undergraduates＇ interest in the practical teaching of this course, practical ability and comprehensive application ability of knowledge are obviously improved, indicating that the purpose to cultivate practical skilled talents for Tibet is achieved. Meanwhile, the obtained experiences may provide references for the practical teaching reform of the similar courses.

Animal Pathological A natomy is an important professional basic course of the veterinary medicine specialty with strong theoretical and practical property. In order to meet the cultivation requirements for undergraduates in universities and colleges and to improve the teaching quality of this course, PBL teaching method is introduced to classroom teaching. The application of PBL teaching mode in teaching of Animal Pathological Anatomy is discussed： the clinical cases are served as the guidance; the related problems are served as the main line; the interaction between teachers and undergraduates are implemented, the learning enthusiasm of the undergraduates is improved, and their problem solving ability is cultivated.

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of different Vaseline coating methods and refrigeration methods on egg preservation effect. A total of 160 white shell eggs with the same deadline of consumption and similar weight were selected. The weight, Haugh unit and yolk index of 10 randomly chosen eggs were determined and were used as the initial data. The other 150 eggs were randomly assigned into one of three groups： control group （stored under ambient condition ）, Vaseline coating group （stored under ambient condition）, and refrigeration group （stored at 4 ℃ ）. The experimental period lasted for 25 days, and 10 eggs were selected from each group every 5 days to determine and compare their weight, Haugh unit and yolk index. The results showed that the weight, Haugh unit and yolk index of eggs in the three groups all exhibited a descending trend as the extension of storage duration; the most obvious descending trend of the indexes associated with egg quality was observed in control group, and both of the Vaseline coating and refrigeration treatment effectively alleviated the descending trend of the egg quality associated indexes. It is concluded that in terms of egg preservation effect, the Vaseline coating methods perform better than refrigeration methods.

The aim of the present study was to expose the underling mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of cloprostenol on persistent corpus luteum in dairy cows. A total of 16 dairy cows with persistent corpus luteum confirmly diagnosed by rectal examination and uhrasonography examination were randomly assigned to one of two groups such that experimental group （n=10） received cloprostenol treatment and blank control group （n=6） received no treatment. The results revealed that there were significant differences between the total effective rate of the cloprostenol treatment group （90%） and the spontaneous cure rate of blank control group （16.7% ,P〈0.01 ）, indicating that cloprostenol had a specific luteolytic effect and was helpful for the functional recovery of uterus. The morphological changes of corpus luteum and follicle were monitored by ultrasonography examination. The results of the ultrasonography examination demonstrated that during the two days after drug withdrawal, the diameters of the corpus luteum and follicle of the dairy cows in cloprostenol treatment group was obviously decreased and increased, respectively; no obvious changes of corpus luteum diameters of the dairy cows in blank control group were observed during the whole monitoring period.

In this paper, sheep prenatal paralysis is briefly introduced on the aspect of main etiology, clinical symptom, pathological changes, diagnosis and treatment methods, and comprehensive prevention measures, and the diagnosis and treatment process of a clinical case of sheep prenatal paralysis occurred in a sheep farm is summarized, so as to provide references for the effective prevention and treatment of this disease in veterinary clinic.