[Objective]To investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of Berberis atrocarpa on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride in mice and to provide research corroboration of modem medicine for the protective effect of Berberis atrocarpa on liver injury diseases. [ Methods ] The liver injury model in mice was prepared by carbon tetrachloride and was intervened by ethanol extracts of Berberis atrocarpa to observe their effect on liver function indexes of the model mice. A total of twenty mice were randomly assigned to one of five groups such that low dosage group, moderate dosage group and high dosage group received 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g/（ 10 g＂ BW） of ethanol extracts of Berberis atroctupa by intraperitoneal administration respectively, blank control group was intraperitoneally injected with equivoluminal saline solution, model control group was given carbon tetrachloride by intraperitoneal administration. At the 0 day of experiment, expect for the blank control group, the other groups received a single administration of 0.1 mL/（ 10 g-BW） of 5% CC14 by intraperitoneal injection, and for the three drug intervention groups, the ethanol extracts of Berberis atrocarpa were administrated for seven consecutive days. At the 8~ day of the experiment, the blood samples were collected to determine the biochemical indexes and organ coefficient. [ Results lThe AST and ALT activity of model control group was very significantly higher than that of high dosage group （P〈0.01） and was higher than that of low dosage group and moderate dosage group （/9〉0.05）; the liver coefficient of model control group was increased, and there were differences in liver coefficient and spleen coefficient between different groups; there were significant differences in liver coefficient between high dosage group and model control group （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion 1 High dosage ethanol extracts of Berberis atrocarpa has protective effect on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride in mice.

The aim of the present study was to develop and optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper. Using total flavonoids content as an evaluation index, the extraction efficiency of six different methods were assessed and compared to screen the optimum extraction method; orthogonal design was employed to optimize the key parameters of ethanol final concentration in ethanol precipitation, ratio of solid to liquid and ultrasonic temperature in the screened optimum extraction method. The results showed that the highest yield （3.8%） of total flavonoids was obtained in enzymolysis-uhrasonic coupling method; the optimum extraction conditions were： ethanol concentration 60%, ratio of solid to liquid 1：30, ultrasonic temperature 60 ℃. The developed method has the advantages of simple operation, high reproducibility, low energy consumption, high efficiency, solvent saving and low cost; therefore, it can he used for the extraction of the total flavonoids in Polygonum hydrop ip e rum.

[ Objective ]To prepare the furazolidone artificial antigens. [ Methods ] Furazolidone （hapte） was conjugated with the carrier proteins of bovine serum albumin （BSA） and ovalbumin （OVA） to prepare artificial antigens by diazotization and glutaraldehyde methods. The prepared artificial antigens were tested by the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and the concentration of the coupling protein was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometer. [Results]The SDS-PAGE results showed that the migration distance for two groups of protein bands of FZ-BSA and FZ-OVA with BSA and OVA, which were the synthesized artificial antigens prepared by two kinds of methods, were changed, and the migration distance of couplings were less than their corresponding carrier proteins. [ Conclusion ]The furazolidone artificial antigens are successfully prepared.

Early docking is beneficial to the further growth of lamb and can improve the meat quality and distribution of subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat as well as reduce the muttony flavor. The advantages, application time and commonly used methods of early docking in lamb are reviewed and its effect on meat quality and production performance in lamb are expounded in this paper, so as to provide scientific references for the extension and application of early docking in sheep production.

The aim of the present study was to identify the pathogenic bacteria associated with piglets diarrhea prevailing in pig farms of Anhui Province, and to reveal the molecular mechanism of their muhidrug resistance. Nine strains isolated from the liver samples of dead piglets with diarrhea were subjected to selective culture using MacConkey medium; the genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted and used to amplify 16S rDNA by PCR, and the amplified product was sequenced; in order to identify the isolates to genus, the 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates were deposited to NCBI and compared with the published sequences in GenBank; the susceptibility of the isolates against antimicrobial agents was assessed by disk diffusion method; the presence of muhidrug resistance gene AcrA among the isolates were screened by PCR. The results showed that the rose-coloured colonies with moderate size were observed in MacConkey medium, which was in accord with the growing characteristics of Escherichia coli （E . coli） in MacConkey medium; the 16S rDNA sequences of the nine isolates had I〉99.0% similarity with the previously reported 16S rDNA sequences of E. coli in GenBank, indicating that the isolates were identified as E. coli; the nine isolates exhibited different degrees of resistance to twelve antimicrobial agents, and the higher resistance to amikacin, spectinomycin and chloramphenicol was observed; all of the isolates were AcrA gene positive. The combined data suggest that the muhidrug resistant E. coli was the etiological agent of piglets diarrhea in pig farms of this region and enough attention should be paid to the infectious diseases caused by the isolates in clinical therapy.

Sperm cryopreservation is a key point in canine artificial insemination technique. The instable freezing effect and low sperm motility after thawing always result in failure of canine artificial insemination and the small average litter size, which limits the extensive use of this technique. Canine sperm freezing is a systematic technology process whose effeet is influenced by various factors. This paper reviews the influence of cryoproteetant, plasma membrane protectant, antioxidant proteetant, and freezing protocol and method on the freezing effect of canine sperm.

The influencing factors involving in reproductive rate of horses include rearing and management level, semen quality of stallions, artificial insemination ways, follicular development and mating age of mares, climatic changes, and so on. According to the above mentioned factors, the practical techniques to improve reproductive rate of horses are put forward： enhancing rearing and management of stallions, providing high quality diet, and maintaining the appropriate body condition for mating, so as to improve semen quality of stallions; enhancing rearing and management of mares before mating and providing more protein feed as well as green and succulent fodder in mating season, so as to maintain their moderate body condition; providing supplementary feeding rationally for pregnant mares to meet their nutritional requirement during the pregnancy period, and taking heat retention measures with plastic warm shed in cold season as well as programmed epidemic disease prevention and treatment measures, so as to reduce the abortion incidence; standardizing artificial insemination operation and preserving frozen semen rationally; using the rectum lead angle of deep fertilization technology when the number of artificially inseminated sperms reach up to 1 ×10^6, so as to reduce the reproductive cost and improve the reproductive efficiency;determining the ovulation time by observation method as well as rectal examination method and mating timely, so as to improve the reproductive rate of horses.

As a safe and effective feed additive, Bacillus lieheniformis can effectively promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in animal intestines, improve body immune function, reduce incidence of diseases, and regulate animal micro- ecological balance. In recent years, it has been widely used in feed industry. We expound the biological characteristics of Bacillus licheniformis and its action mechanism, application status and existing problems in animal production.

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum synthesis and separation conditions for production of feed additive monohydrate magnesium sulfate. Monohydrate magnesium sulfate was produced using magnesia powder and sulfuric acid as raw materials by chemical synthesis method and centrifugal separation technology; the purity and flow characteristics of the product samples were tested by X ray diffraction （XRD） and Carr index method, respectively. The results showed that the optimum parameters of chemical synthesis method were as followed： sulfuric acid concentration 62%-67%, magnesia mass 45-60 g, slurry temperature 120 ℃, curing time 5 min, ripening time 25 min, magnesia powder fineness 0.15 mm; the optimum parameters of centrifugal separation technology were as followed： centrifuge speed 140 r/min, centrifugal time 1.5 h, slurry temperature was 60 ~C, under this condition, the lowest impurity content （0.8%） of SiO2 was obtained; X ray diffraction patterns indicated that the monohydrate magnesium sulfate was the single component in the product samples; the results of Carr index method proved that the flow characteristics of the product samples were good. The combined data suggest that the monohydrate magnesium sulfate produced by chemical synthesis method has the advantages of low impurity content, high purity and good flow characteristics.

In this paper, the commonly used detection methods of protein in feed, including Kjeldahl method, Dumas combustion method, Na＇s colorimetry method, biuret method, atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer method, are reviewed on the aspect of principle, characteristics and application, so as to provide references for the scientific selection of protein detection methods in feed quality evaluation work.

This study aimed to assess the effect of feeding pelletized straw diet on slaughter trait and meat quality of fattening lambs. A total of twenty four three-month-old mutton lambs were randomly assigned to one of four groups such that control group fed the diet of cut short corn straw ＋ alfalfa hay ＋ pelletized concentrate, group Ⅰ fed the diet of pelletized corn straw ＋ alfalfa hay ＋ pelletized concentrate, group Ⅱ fed the diet of pelletized mixture of corn straw and alfalfa ＋ pelletized concentrate, group Ⅲ fed the total mixed and pelletized diet of corn straw, alfalfa hay and concentrate. The feeding experiment lasted for fifty days. At the end of the experiment, the slaughter trait and meat quality of fattening lambs in different groups were determined and statistically compared. The results showed that there were no significant differences in carcass weight and dressing percentage between group Ⅰ and control group （P〉0.05）; group Ⅱ and groupⅢ had significantly higher carcass weight than that of control group （P〈 0.05）; group had significantly higher dressing percentage than group I and control group （P〈0.05）; the sequence of eye muscle area of different groups was as followed： group Ⅲ 〉 group Ⅱ 〉 group Ⅰ 〉 control group （P〉0.05）; compared to control group, the three experimental groups had lower water loss rate and shearing force （P〉0.05）; the pile4 h value of group II was significantly lower than that of control group （P〈0.05）, no significant differences in pH24h value between group Ⅱ and the other experimental groups were found （P〉0.05）. The combined data suggest that the pelletized corn straw diet, especially the total mixed and pelletized diet prepared with corn straw, alfalfa hay and concentrate, is appropriate for the short-term fattening of commercial mutton sheep.

Compared to the non-pregnancy period, the ruminants have largely increased nutritional requirement during pregnancy period. The inappropriate measures of rearing and management always result in the nutritional deficiency of ruminants during pregnancy period. When ruminants are in a state of negative energy balance in late pregnancy period, lipid mobilization occurs, which leads to the transfer of excessive non-esterification fatty acids into liver and causes lipid metabolism disorders of liver, and subsequently results in fatty liver and ketosis.

Based on the data of growth and development period and yield of natural herbage on the northern slope of central Tianshan Mountains and the data of atmospheric temperature, accumulated temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours collected by Urnmqi Animal Husbandry Meteorological Observation Station of Xinjiang from ：2004-2015, the impact of meteorological condition on growth, development and yield of natural herbage in this region was assessed. The results showed that there were differences in temperature requirement during the returning green period in spring between different species of natural herbage, the temperature requirement of eryophilic herbage ranged from -0.3 ℃ to 1.1 ℃ and that of thermophilie herbage ranged from 3.5 ℃ to 9.5℃;the time point when the withering period of herbage presented was in accord with that when the daily average atmospheric temperature reached around 5℃, indicating that the latter had predictive significance for the former; differences in accumulated temperature requirement in different growth periods between varied species of natural herbage were also observed; the average time interval between returning green period and withering period of gramineous herbage was about 160 days and that of leguminous herbage was about 140 days, the longest average time interval was 18 days hmger than the shortest one in the five species of natural herbage; the yield of herbage was largely impacted by precipitation and atmospheric temperature and it had identical changing rule with precipitation and atmospheric temperature before maturation; compared to fresh weight, the dry weight of herbage had higher correlation coefficient with meteorological factors, indicating that the estimative calculation of dry weight of herbage with accumulated temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours was more appropriate; in the correlation coefficients between herbage yield and different meteorological tactors, the highest one was observed in precipitation followed by accumulated temperature, and the lowest one was found in sunshine hours; annual precipitation and seasonal distribution of precipitation had impact on yield of natural herbage on the northern slope of central Tianshan Mountains, especially the annual yield of natural herbage depended on the precipitation in June and July. The combined data suggest that the meteorological condition on the northern slope of central Tianshan Mountains has impact on growth and development period of natural herbage in this region, and selected meteorological factors has predictive significance for the yield of natural herbage.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the control effect of poisonous bait granule prepared with Clostridium botulinum C type toxin against plateau pika （Ochotona curzoniae ）. The control experiment against plateau pika was conducted with different dosage of the poisonous bait granule （1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g/hole） in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province; the palatability of the poisonous bait granule to plateau pika was observed under artificial rearing condition; the effect of different preservation period （10, 20, 30 d） on toxic efficacy of the poisonous bait granule in normal temperature was assessed. The results showed that the best corrected control effect （93.22%） was observed when the dosage of the poisonous bait granule prepared with Clostridium botulinum C type toxin was 3.0 g/hole, which was superior to that of the standard poisonous bait granule; the ingestion coefficient of plateau pika to the poisonous bait granule was 1.51, indicating that the palatability of the poisonous bait granule was superior to that of the basic bait granule prepared with wheat; with the extension of preservation period, the toxic efficacy of the poisonous bait granule against plateau pika exhibited a reducing trend. The combined data suggest that the poisonous bait granule prepared with Clostridium botulinum C Type Toxin has good control effect against plateau pika and has superior palatability, which is worthy to be extended and applied in the control of grassland rodent calamity in this region.

This study aimed to investigate the moisture loss rules of gramineous forage, leguminous forage and forage crop during natural drying process. The fresh weight of different varieties of forage was immediately determined after cutting （0 day weight）; subsequently, the forage samples were dried to constant weight in oven at 75 ℃ for 24 h （dried weight ）; the forage samples were wilted in air and their weight were determined and recorded at the 0.5, 1.0^st , 2.0^nd , 3.0^th , 4.0^th , 5.0^th , 6.0^th day after cutting, respectively; the moisture content of different varieties of forage at different time after cutting was calculated by a formula. The results showed that the moisture content changing of gramineous forage, leguminous forage and forage crop during natural drying process exhibited a similar tendency： with the extension of drying time, the moisture content of different varieties of forage was generally decreased; in the initial stage after cutting （from 0 to 1^st day）, the moisture content was dramatically decreased, and in the later stage after cutting （from 2^nd to 4^th day and from 5^th to 6^th day） , the moisture content was slightly decreased. The results obtained in this study provide references for the scientific preparation of high quality hay.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Astragalus membranaceus has been widely used over 2,000 years in China. The primary active component of Astragalus membranaceus is astragaloside Ⅳ which has extensive pharmacological activities, especially on the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. According to vast information from literatures regarding astragaloside Ⅳ published in recent years at home and abroad, we summarize cerebral protective effect of astragaloside Ⅳ and its underling mechanism, in hopes of offering more clues for further research as well as clinical application of AS-Ⅳ.

Polysaccharide is one of the effective components in mulberry leaves and has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. The extraction technology and pharmacological functions of polysaecharide from mulberry leaves are briefly reviewed in this paper, so as to provide references for promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

The success of college students＇ entrepreneurship is closely related to their own quality. The entrepreneurial psychological quality often determines the quality of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the cultivation of college students＇ entrepreneurial psychological quality plays an import role in entrepreneurship training process. The necessity to cultivate college students＇ entrepreneurial psychological quality is illuminated by analyzing the background and research status at home and abroad of college students＇ entrepreneurial psychological quality cultivation as well as its significance.

This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of Biostatistics teaching, and discusses how to improve the teaching effect of this course, so as to provide references for teaching reform of courses of agricultural and forestry specialty in universities and colleges.

The traditional experimental teaching of Industrial Pharmaceutics is no longer able to meet the requirement to cultivate applied undergraduate talents of pharmacy associated specialties; therefore, the teaching reform is a general trend. According to the current situation of pharmaceutical experimental teaching in pharmaceutics specialty in our country, the experimental teaching reform method of Industrial Pharmaceutics in training of applied undergraduate talents is explored combining with the actual experimental teaching of Industrial Pharmaceutics in College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University.

One of the important signs of modern breeding industry is the modernization of breeding facilities and equipment. There is a big gap in understanding and use of modern breeding facilities and equipment between the different types of farms, and the practical talents with knowledge on modern breeding facilities and equipment are urgently needed. The curriculum construction of Modern Breeding Facilities and Equipment based on industry demand is explored, so as to provide references for the cultivation of applied talents in application-oriented undergraduate characteristic specialty of local universities.

The popularity of the Internet makes the public access to information more convenient. Science the presence of the concept of ＂Internet plus＂, how to apply the flipped classroom model better in teaching under the background of ＂lntemet plus＂ has become a research focus in colleges and universities. For the experimental teaching of Veterinary Microbiology in veterinary medicine major, ＂,after the application of flipped classroom teaching model under the background of ＂Internet plus＂, the interactions between teachers and undergraduates are strengthened, and the autonomous learning ability and innovation ability of the undergraduates are improved.

The teaching reform of Animal Genetics is carried out by introducing the methods of case teaching, demonstration teaching, discussion teaching and multimedia teaching, and the teaching content is enriched by mutual osmosis with the relevant subjects, so as to improve the teaching efficiency and level of Animal Genetics.

Application-oriented university shoulders the important task of cultivating advanced applied talents. According to the training objectives of applied talents, combined with the revising work of the personnel training program （2015 version） in Anhui Science and Technology University, the A nimcd Toxicology program outline for 2015 grade undergraduates majoring in veterinary medicine as well as animal and plant quarantine is amended to improve the proportion of experimental courses and to adjust the teaching methods. It is proved that the reform of teaching content and teaching methods is conducive to cultivating advanced applied talents with high comprehensive quality, strong practical ability and a strong sense of innovation.

With the transformation and rapid development of the economy in China, the high-skilled talents with innovative and enterprising ability are urgently needed by all of the industries. At present, the entrepreneurship education in China is still in the initial stage. Here, we introduce the practical experiences on cultivation of students＇ innovative and enterprising ability in Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, so as to provide references for the development of higher vocational colleges.

Currently, the establishment of basic level animal epidemic prevention system in China is relatively hysteretie. The lack of veterinarians in basic level epidemic prevention department and the unstable fund input in basic level epidemic prevention work restrict the perfection and development of basic level animal epidemic prevention system, which results in the monitoring and early warning ability deficiency when the animal epidemic diseases are emerging. Meanwhile, the poor professional skills of the raising households may lead to the serious economic and social impacts. According to the existing problems in basic level animal epidemic prevention system, in order to improve the establishment of basic level animal epidemic prevention system and service level of basic： level animal epidemic prevention, the authors suggests that the law enforcement and popularity dynamics, epidemic prevention supmwision and service level, veterinarian team construction, epidemic prevention training on raising households, individual epidemic prevention ability should be improved and enhanced; the financial subsidies associated with epidemic prevention are expected to be increased; the coverage of insurance are supposed to be extended.

The problems that effective safety management system is deficient, safety and environmental facilities establishment is substandard, safety knowledge of staff associated with experimental animal management and production is scanty, management of chemical reagent and laboratory wastes is misconducted exist in management of animal experimental platform in colleges and universities. According to the current situation of animal experimental platform management in domestic colleges and universities, the authors suggest that the animal experimental platforms should establish and perfect the safety management system; for the undergraduates who apply for the admission of animal experimental platform, the training and examination of animal experiment safety should be enhanced; the management of hazardous chemicals and biological contaminants should be standardized; the comprehensive emergency plan should be made.

[Objective ]To isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria from liver samples of dead piglets with diarrhea and detect the virulence gene among the isolates by PCR, and to provide references for the microbiological diagnosis and understanding the pathogenesis of the isolates. [ Methods ]The liver samples of dead piglets with diarrhea were collected to isolate pathogenic bacteria using MacConkey medium; the isolates were identified by gram stain method and biochemical test; the DNA templates of the isolates were prepared and used to detect the presence of virulence gene by PCR. [ Results ] A total of thirteen strains were isolated from the clinical samples, one of them was identified as gram positive cocci and the other ones were identified as gram-negative short bacillus; the result of the PCR assay indicated that the bacillus were all enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli （E. coli） and all harbored high pathogenicity island （HPI＋）. [Conclusion]The combined data suggest that the enterotoxigenic E. coli harboring HPP was the etiological agent of piglets diarrhea in the pig farms, and Enterococcus strains may be associated with the occurrence of piglets diarrhea.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the pathogenic bacteria associated with bovine endometritis in a dairy farm in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia. The uterine secretion samples were collected from dairy cows with endometritis to isolate pathogenic bacteria; the isolates were cultured and identified by the routine methods; the susceptibility of the strains against antimicrobial agents was assessed by disk diffusion method; the pathogenicity of the isolates to mice was preliminarily evaluated. The results showed that the characteristics of colony morphology in chromogenie medium and selective medium, gram staining, and biochemical reaction were in accord with those of Escherichia coli （E. coli）, therefore, the isolates were identified as E. coli; the pathogenic E. coli isolates associated with bovine endometritis showed high susceptibility to tluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins but exhibited resistance to lincomycin and doxycycline; the death of mice challenged with E. coli isolates was observed, and the strains isolated from the tissue samples of dead mice were also identified as E. coli which were in accord with the clinical isolates, indicating that the E. coli isolates from bovine endometritis had pathogenicity to mice. The results obtained in this study provide scientific references for the effective prevention and treatment of dairy cow endometritis in this region.

Infectious coryza was an important infectious disease which poses a great threat to chicken industry. This disease is characterized by high incidence and rapid transmission. Although the mortality rate was low, the secondary infections caused by other pathogens such as mycoplasma may emerge when timely control is lacked. In recent years, infectious coryza in chickens starts to exhibit some novel epidemic characteristics, especially the increasing prevalence of serum B-type strains of Haemophilus gallinarum at home. The commonly used vaccine products is failed to provide effective protective immunity against the new prevailing strains, which brings great difficulty to the prevention and control of the disease. Here, we summarize the epidemic characteristics of infectious coryza in chickens and propose comprehensive prevention and control strategies, so as to betterly prevent and control this disease.