北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1-14.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.05.01

• 作物遗传育种·作物栽培 •    下一篇

马铃薯杂交后代疮痂病抗性评价与性状遗传变异分析

吴国强1, 高睿1, 金一航1, 张桂芝1,2, 姜丽丽1,2, 许捷力1, 金光辉1,2   

  1. 1.黑龙江八一农垦大学 农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319;
    2.黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 金光辉(1973—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事马铃薯栽培及遗传育种方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:吴国强(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为马铃薯遗传育种。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2022ZXJ06B03)

Evaluation of common scab resistance and analysis of genetic variation in traits of potato hybrid progenies

WU Guoqiang1, GAO Rui1, JIN Yihang1, ZHANG Guizhi1,2, JIANG Lili1,2, XU Jieli1, JIN Guanghui1,2   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;
    2. Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Technology and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,China
  • Received:2025-03-26 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2026-01-20

摘要: 【目的】 探究马铃薯杂交后代疮痂病抗性表现及疮痂病发病率、病斑面积、病斑深度之间的关系,以及马铃薯表型性状的分离和遗传变异规律。【方法】 采用自然病圃抗性鉴定,以160份垦薯1号与中薯5号(组合1)和80份垦薯1号与尤金(组合2)的杂交后代为试验材料,对马铃薯的描述型、数值型性状及疮痂病有关指标进行调查,分析病害构成因素的相关性以及马铃薯的抗性表现、离散特征、遗传表现,计算变异系数、中亲优势率、超亲优势率和父母本的相对遗传力。【结果】 组合1、组合2的疮痂病发病率分别为10.71%~100%和17.65%~100%,病情指数分别为0.02~19.74和0.16~24.20,发病率、病斑面积、病斑深度之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),且抗性水平均表现出超亲分离。组合1、组合2的10个描述型性状多样性指数分别为0.23~1.71和0.26~1.33,6个数值型性状多样性指数分别为0.91~2.03和0.98~1.81;组合1、组合2的16个性状中,马铃薯中亲优势率分别为-33.39%~29.38%和-19.04%~43.20%、超亲优势率分别为4.69%~105.00%和-42.50%~125.00%。【结论】 垦薯1号与中薯5号、垦薯1号与尤金的杂交后代群体疮痂病抗性水平发生超亲分离现象,疮痂病发病率、病斑面积、病斑深度之间呈极显著正相关关系。两个组合的杂交后代数值型性状的变异比描述型性状更加丰富,杂交后代的优势表现各不相同。

关键词: 马铃薯疮痂病, 抗性评价, 遗传多样性指数, 变异系数, 聚类分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the resistance performance of potato hybrid progenies to common scab,the interrelationships among common scab incidence rate,disease area,and disease depth,as well as the segregation and genetic variation patterns of potato phenotypic traits.【Methods】 Resistance identification was conducted in a natural disease nursery,using 160 hybrid progenies from the cross between Kenshu No. 1 and Zhongshu No. 5(Combination 1) and 80 hybrid progenies from the cross between Kenshu No. 1 and Youjin(Combination 2) as experimental materials. Descriptive traits,numerical traits,and common scab-related indicators of potato were investigated to analyze the correlations among disease constituent factors,together with the resistance performance,discrete characteristics,and genetic performance of potato,and to calculate the coefficient of variation,mid-parent heterosis rates,transgressive heterosis rates,and relative heritability from the parental lines.【Results】 The common scab incidence rates for Combination 1 and Combination 2 were 10.71%-100% and 17.65%-100%,respectively;while the disease indices were 0.02-19.74 and 0.16-24.20,respectively. Highly significant positive correlations(P<0.01) were observed among incidence rate,disease area,and disease depth,and the resistance levels in both combinations exhibited transgressive segregation. The diversity indices of 10 descriptive traits in Combination 1 and Combination 2 were 0.23-1.71 and 0.26-1.33,respectively;the diversity indices of 6 numerical traits were 0.91-2.03 and 0.98-1.81,respectively. Among the 16 traits of Combination 1 and Combination 2,the mid-parent heterosis rates of potato were -33.39% to 29.38% and -19.04% to 43.20%,respectively,whereas the transgressive heterosis rates were 4.69% to 105.00% and -42.50% to 125.00%,respectively.【Conclusion】 Hybrid progeny populations derived from Kenshu No. 1×Zhongshu No. 5 and Kenshu No. 1×Youjin displayed transgressive segregation in common scab resistance levels,with highly significant positive correlations observed among common scab incidence rate,disease area,and disease depth. The variation of numerical traits in the hybrid progenies of the two combinations is more abundant than that of descriptive traits,and the heterosis performances of the hybrid progenies are varied.

Key words: Potato common scab, Resistance evaluation, Genetic diversity index, Coefficient of variation, Cluster analysis

中图分类号: 

  • S532