饲喂蚯蚓对黄鳝生长性能、营养成分及非特异性免疫的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.06.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲喂蚯蚓对黄鳝生长性能、营养成分及非特异性免疫的影响,为黄鳝养殖中蚯蚓的应用提供参考。【方法】试验所用黄鳝分为C组、35组和S组,C组和35组饲喂人工配合饲料,并分别添加0和35%蚯蚓粉,S组饲喂鲜活蚯蚓,养殖60 d后取样测定生长指标、常规营养指标、氨基酸指标、脂肪酸指标和非特异性免疫指标。【结果】35组的黄鳝终末体重（45.21 g）、相对增重率（94.05%）、特定生长率（1.10%/d）最高,且显著高于S组和C组（P<0.05）;肌肉中粗蛋白含量（19.29%）、粗灰分含量（0.76%）最高;氨基酸总量（76.50%）、必需氨基酸总量（26.85%）、非必需氨基酸总量（49.65%）、呈味氨基酸总量（36.62%）和必需氨基酸指数（99.61）较高。黄鳝肌肉脂肪酸指标中,S组的饱和脂肪酸含量（30.79%）最高,35组较高（28.85%）;C组的不饱和脂肪酸含量（74.96%）最高。在非特异性免疫方面,35组的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性最高,分别为321.21、1.35 U/mL;S组总抗氧化能力（7.65 U/mL）最高;3组间的过氧化氢酶、酚氧化酶和溶菌酶活性差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】在饲料中添加35%蚯蚓粉的养殖效果最佳,能够增强黄鳝的生长性能,提高其肌肉氨基酸营养水平和血清非特异性免疫水平,但会降低肌肉脂肪酸含量。

关键词: 黄鳝, 蚯蚓, 生长性能, 营养成分, 非特异性免疫

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the effects of earthworm feeding on the growth performance,nutritional composition,and non-specific immunity of Monopterus albus,providing a reference for the application of earthworms in M. albus aquaculture.【Methods】 Experimental M. albus were divided into three groups：Group C,Group 35,and Group S. Group C and Group 35 were fed artificial formulated feed supplemented with 0 and 35% earthworm powder,respectively,while Group S was fed live earthworms. After a 60 d rearing period,samples were collected to measure growth indices,proximate nutritional indices,amino acid indices,fatty acid indices,and non-specific immune indices.【Results】 M. albus in Group 35 exhibited the highest final body weight（45.21 g）,relative weight gain rate（94.05%）,and specific growth rate（1.10%/d）,all of which were significantly higher than those of Group S and Group C（P<0.05）;the muscle crude protein content（19.29%） and crude ash content（0.76%） were the highest;the total amino acid content（76.50%）,total essential amino acid content（26.85%）,total non-essential amino acid content（49.65%）,total flavor amino acid content（36.62%）,and essential amino acid index（99.61） were relatively high. Regarding fatty acid indices of M. albus muscle,Group S showed the highest saturated fatty acid content（30.79%）,followed by Group 35（28.85%）,while Group C had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content（74.96%）. For non-specific immunity,Group 35 showed the highest superoxide dismutase and catalase activities,reaching 321.21 and 1.35 U/mL,respectively;Group S recorded the highest total antioxidant capacity（7.65 U/mL）;no significant differences were observed in catalase,phenoloxidase,and lysozyme activities among the three groups（P>0.05）.【Conclusion】 Supplementation of 35% earthworm powder in the feed yields the best rearing results. It enhances the growth performance of M. albus,improves the nutritional level of muscle amino acids and serum non-specific immunity,but reduces muscle fatty acid content.

Key words: Monopterus albus, Earthworm, Growth performance, Nutritional composition, Non-specific immunity

中图分类号:

S966.4

王腾, 李丽, 王泽平, 单金峰, 朱传坤, 王信海. 饲喂蚯蚓对黄鳝生长性能、营养成分及非特异性免疫的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(6): 108-119.

WANG Teng, LI Li, WANG Zeping, SHAN Jinfeng, ZHU Chuankun, WANG Xinhai. Effects of earthworm feeding on the growth performance,nutritional composition,and non-specific immunity of Monopterus albus[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(6): 108-119.

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