北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 47-57.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.03.05

• 作物栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

全生物降解地膜性能评价及其对马铃薯产量的影响

杜二小1,2,3, 高宏艳1,2,3, 邢鹏飞1,2,3, 马晔1, 栗艳芳1, 高宇1,2,3, 张鹏1,2,3, 李焕春4   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3.农业农村部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,内蒙古 武川 011705;
    4.辽宁农业职业技术学院,辽宁 营口 115000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 李焕春(1979—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事农业面源污染方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:杜二小(1990—),男,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事农田面源污染与作物栽培方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    营口市企业博士双创计划项目(YKSCJH2024-012)

Performance evaluation of fully biodegradable mulch films and their effects on potato yield

DU Erxiao1,2,3, GAO Hongyan1,2,3, XING Pengfei1,2,3, MA Ye1, LI Yanfang1, GAO Yu1,2,3, ZHANG Peng1,2,3, LI Huanchun4   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming,Hohhot 010031,China;
    3. Science Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Inner Mongolia,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuchuan 011705,China;
    4. Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College,Yingkou 115000,China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-08-11

摘要: 【目的】探明全生物降解地膜的性能,为其在内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯种植中的应用提供参考。【方法】采用小区试验,设置上海弘睿全生物降解地膜(HRB,白膜)、金发科技全生物降解地膜(JFB,白膜)、普通聚乙烯地膜(PE)、不覆膜(CK)4个处理,分析2种全生物降解地膜的田间降解特性、物理机械性能、增温保墒性能及其对马铃薯产量形成的影响。【结果】2种全生物降解地膜具有较好的物理机械性能,HRB、JFB处理对马铃薯生育前期的增温保墒作用较好;随着全生物降解地膜的逐渐降解,其物理机械性能和马铃薯生育后期的土壤温度均逐渐降低,但仍可满足马铃薯生长发育过程中对温、湿度和覆膜的需求。与CK相比,HRB、JFB、PE处理不同程度地提高了土壤日平均湿度和月平均湿度;随着覆膜时间的增加,HRB、JFB处理在50~60 d进入诱导期,随后开始降解,降解率分别达到86.14%和83.82%;随着生育期的推进,HRB、JFB处理的最大力值和抗拉强度与CK相比均出现不同程度的下降。与CK相比,HRB、JFB、PE处理的马铃薯产量分别增加8.82%~29.12%;JFB处理产量最高,为91.10 t/hm2,且与其他各处理相比差异显著(P<0.05);HRB、JFB、PE处理纯利润均显著高于CK,且各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】金发科技全生物降解地膜在土壤增温保墒、物理机械性能、降解速率和马铃薯产量提升方面表现优异,可以减少农田地膜污染,适宜在生产中推广应用。

关键词: 全生物降解地膜, 性能评价, 马铃薯, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the performance of fully biodegradable mulch films and provide a reference for their application in potato cultivation in the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】A plot experiment was adopted and four treatments were set:Shanghai Hongrui fully biodegradable mulch film(HRB,white film),Jinfa science and technology fully biodegradable mulch film(JFB,white film),conventional polyethylene mulch film(PE),and no mulch film(CK). The effects of two fully biodegradable mulch films on the field degradation characteristics,physical and mechanical properties,soil warming and moisture conservation performance,and potato yield formation were analyzed.【Results】Two types of fully biodegradable mulch films showed good physical and mechanical properties,and the HRB and JFB treatments had better effects on soil warming and moisture conservation in the early growth stage of potato. With gradual degradation of the fully biodegradable mulch films,their physical and mechanical properties and soil temperature in the later growth stage of potato decreased gradually,but still met the requirements of temperature,moisture,and mulching during growth and development of potato. Compared with CK,the HRB,JFB,and PE treatments increased the average daily and monthly soil moisture to varying degrees. With increasing mulching time,the HRB and JFB treatments entered an induction period at 50-60 d,and then began to degrade,reaching degradation rates of 86.14% and 83.82%,respectively. As the growth period progressed,the maximum force value and tensile strength of the HRB and JFB treatments decreased to varying degrees compared with CK. Compared with CK,potato yields of the HRB,JFB,and PE treatments increased by 8.82%-29.12%. The yield of the JFB treatment was the highest,at 91.10 t/hm2,and the difference was significant compared with other treatments(P<0.05). The net profit of the HRB,JFB,and PE treatments was significantly higher than that of CK,and the differences among treatments were significant(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The Jinfa science and technology fully biodegradable mulch film performs well in soil warming and moisture conservation,physical and mechanical properties,degradation rate,and potato yield improvement. It can reduce farmland mulch film pollution and is suitable for promotion and application in production.

Key words: Fully biodegradable mulch film, Performance evaluation, Potato, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S532