缓控释肥减量基施对西瓜生长及肥料利用率的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.02.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明缓控释肥减量基施对西瓜生长及肥料利用率的影响,为西瓜专用缓控释肥的筛选、组配及水肥管理提供参考。【方法】以西瓜品种迁丽4号为供试材料,设置常规速效肥料（T1）、脲甲醛尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾（T2）、硫包衣尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾（T3）、树脂包衣尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾（T4）4种处理,以不施肥为对照（CK）,分析不同肥料处理对西瓜干物质积累量、氮吸收量、钾吸收量、产量、肥料利用率以及土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响。【结果】缓控释肥减量基施能够显著提高西瓜的干物质积累量,膨果期T4处理的干物质积累量为276.8 g/株,较T1处理和CK分别提高24.7%和75.0%;膨果期T4处理的氮、钾吸收量分别为6.0、6.9 g/株,较T1处理分别提高40.8%和54.7%。T4处理产量较T1处理增加27.2%,氮、钾肥利用率较T1处理分别提高265.9%和139.2%。在土壤质量方面,各施肥处理间土壤速效磷含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;T4处理显著提高了土壤的有机质、速效氮和速效钾含量（P<0.05）,相较于T1处理分别提高27.1%、30.8%和46.9%;4种肥料处理的土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性无显著差异（P>0.05）,但均显著高于CK（P<0.05）;T2处理和CK的土壤脲酶活性低于其他处理。【结论】缓控释肥减量基施对西瓜生长、产量、肥料利用率以及土壤质量具有积极影响,树脂包衣尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾处理肥效和土壤改良效果较好。

关键词: 西瓜, 缓控释肥, 减量基施, 生长, 产量, 肥料利用率, 土壤质量

Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the effects of reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers on watermelon growth and fertilizer use efficiency,providing a reference for the selection,formulation,and water-fertilizer management of watermelon-specific controlled-release fertilizers.【Methods】Using the watermelon variety Qianli No. 4 as the test material,four treatments were established：conventional quick-release fertilizer（T1）,urea-formaldehyde+resin-coated potassium sulfate（T2）,sulfur-coated urea+resin-coated potassium sulfate（T3）,and resin-coated urea+resin-coated potassium sulfate（T4）,with a no-fertilizer control（CK）. The effects of these treatments on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake,potassium uptake,yield,fertilizer use efficiency of watermelon,and soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities were analyzed.【Results】Reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers significantly enhanced watermelon dry matter accumulation. At the fruit expanding stage,T4 treatment resulted in a dry matter accumulation of 276.8 g/plant,representing increases of 24.7% and 75.0% compared to T1 treatment and CK,respectively. Nitrogen and potassium uptake under T4 treatment at the same stage were 6.0 and 6.9 g/plant,respectively,showing increases of 40.8% and 54.7% compared to T1 treatment. Yield under T4 treatment was 27.2% higher than T1 treatment,and nitrogen and potassium use efficiencies were improved by 265.9% and 139.2%,respectively. Regarding soil quality,no significant differences in available phosphorus content were observed among fertilizer treatments（P>0.05）. However,T4 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter,available nitrogen,and available potassium contents by 27.1%,30.8%,and 46.9%,respectively,compared to T1 treatment（P<0.05）. Soil sucrase and catalase activities showed no significant differences among the four fertilizer treatments（P>0.05） but were significantly higher than CK（P<0.05）. Soil urease activity in T2 treatment and CK was lower than in other treatments.【Conclusion】Reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers have positive effects on watermelon growth,yield,fertilizer use efficiency,and soil quality. The combination of resin-coated urea+resin-coated potassium sulfate（T4） demonstrate superior fertilizer efficacy and soil improvement effects.

Key words: Watermelon, Controlled-release fertilizer, Reduced basal application, Growth, Yield, Fertilizer use efficiency, Soil quality

中图分类号:

S651

杨年福, 吴绍军, 孟佳丽, 沈虹, 余翔. 缓控释肥减量基施对西瓜生长及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(2): 66-74.

YANG Nianfu, WU Shaojun, MENG Jiali, SHEN Hong, YU Xiang. Effects of reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers on watermelon growth and fertilizer use efficiency[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(2): 66-74.

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