北方农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 67-77.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.05.07

• 土壤肥料·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田配施生物菌剂对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响

段思彤1, 张一迪1, 赵子豪1, 王伟妮2, 刘俊梅2, 邢俊3, 张德健1, 李娟1, 张向前4   

  1. 1.内蒙古大学 生命科学学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010070;
    2.鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017200;
    3.达拉特旗农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古 达拉特旗 014300;
    4.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 植物保护研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13 修回日期:2025-06-25 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 张德健(1972—),男,教授,博士,主要从事保护性耕作方面的研究工作。张向前(1984—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤耕作与农业生态方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:段思彤(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物资源学与植物化学。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区“英才兴蒙”工程团队项目(2025TYL09); 鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001)

Effects of straw returning combined with microbial agents on soil physical properties and maize yield

DUAN Sitong1, ZHANG Yidi1, ZHAO Zihao1, WANG Weini2, LIU Junmei2, XING Jun3, ZHANG Dejian1, LI Juan1, ZHANG Xiangqian4   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China;
    2. Ordos Center of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection,Ordos 017200,China;
    3. Dalad Banner Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Dalad Banner 014300,China;
    4. Institute of Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
  • Received:2024-11-13 Revised:2025-06-25 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2026-01-20

摘要: 【目的】 针对内蒙古黄河南岸灌区农田土壤肥力下降、土壤板结等问题,筛选适宜该地区施用的生物菌剂,为秸秆还田配施生物菌剂的应用与推广提供参考。【方法】 试验于2022—2023年在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗进行,以玉米品种利禾1号为供试材料,在秸秆还田基础上设置4种不同的生物菌剂处理:枯草芽孢杆菌(A处理)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌(B处理)、枯草芽孢杆菌+酿酒酵母(C处理)、枯草芽孢杆菌+哈茨木霉(D处理),以不施生物菌剂为对照(CK),分析不同处理对0~60 cm土层土壤物理性状和玉米产量的影响。【结果】 A、B处理大团聚体(≥0.25 mm)的质量分数明显高于CK,促进了土壤的稳定性;40~60 cm土层中,A、B处理土壤容重较CK显著降低6.84%、6.43%(P<0.05);土壤总孔隙度较CK显著提高4.41、4.09个百分点(P<0.05);各处理土壤质量含水量在玉米不同生育时期发生波动变化,均于大喇叭口期达到峰值。各处理的玉米籽粒产量与CK相比明显提升2.57%~10.34%;产生的经济效益较CK提高6.57%~47.57%,其中A、B处理较高,分别为8 514.93、7 413.82元/hm2。【结论】 秸秆还田条件下施用生物菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌能更好地降低土壤容重,增加土壤透气性,改善土壤物理结构,获得较高的玉米籽粒产量和经济效益。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 生物菌剂, 土壤物理性状, 玉米, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract: 【Objective】 To address issues such as declining soil fertility and soil compaction in farmland of the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia,suitable microbial agents were screened for application in this region,providing a reference for the application and promotion of straw returning combined with microbial agents.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Dalad Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia,from 2022 to 2023,using the maize variety Lihe No. 1 as the test material. Based on a foundation of straw returning,four different microbial agent treatments were established:Bacillus subtilis(Treatment A),Bacillus subtilis+Bacillus licheniformis(Treatment B),Bacillus subtilis+Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Treatment C),and Bacillus subtilis+Trichoderma harzianum(Treatment D),with no microbial agent application as the control(CK). The effects of different treatments on soil physical properties in the 0-60 cm soil layer and on maize yield were analyzed.【Results】 The mass fraction of large aggregates(≥0.25 mm)in treatments A and B was significantly higher than that in CK,promoting soil stability;in the 40-60 cm soil layer,the soil bulk density in treatments A and B was significantly reduced by 6.84% and 6.43% compared with CK(P<0.05);the total soil porosity was significantly increased by 4.41 and 4.09 percentage points compared with CK(P<0.05);the soil mass water content in all treatments fluctuated throughout different maize growth stages,reaching its peak during the large bell mouth stage. The maize grain yield of all treatments significantly increased by 2.57% to 10.34% compared with CK;the resulting economic benefits increased by 6.57% to 47.57% compared with CK,with treatments A and B being the highest at 8 514.93 and 7 413.82 CNY/hm2,respectively.【Conclusion】 Under straw returning conditions,the application of the microbial agents Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis+Bacillus licheniformis can better reduce soil bulk density,increase soil aeration,improve soil physical structure,and achieve higher maize grain yield and economic benefits.

Key words: Straw returning, Microbial agents, Soil physical properties, Maize, Yield, Economic benefits

中图分类号: 

  • S513