北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 112-120.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.01.11

• 节水灌溉·农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

燕山丘陵区向日葵灌溉水高效利用研究

李小茹1, 王盛男1, 李雯雯1, 高智慧1, 于欢欢1, 王晓波2, 荣迪1, 乌仁图雅1, 曲颖超1, 王岩1   

  1. 1.赤峰市农牧业科学院,内蒙古 赤峰 024000;
    2.喀喇沁旗农牧局,内蒙古 喀喇沁旗 024400
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-16 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 王岩(1984—),女,副研究员,博士,主要从事农业面源污染与资源化利用方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:李小茹(1993—),女,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事旱地向日葵需水节水规律方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0088)

Study on efficient use of irrigation water for sunflower in the Yanshan hilly region

LI Xiaoru1, WANG Shengnan1, LI Wenwen1, GAO Zhihui1, YU Huanhuan1, WANG Xiaobo2, RONG Di1, Wurentuya1, QU Yingchao1, WANG Yan1   

  1. 1. Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Chifeng 024000,China;
    2. Harqin Banner Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Harqin Banner 024400,China
  • Received:2025-07-16 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-04-01

摘要: 【目的】提高燕山丘陵区向日葵灌溉水利用效率,以实现水资源高效利用和向日葵优质高产。【方法】以食用型向日葵T339为试验对象,在内蒙古赤峰市喀喇沁旗开展试验。当地大水漫灌作为对照(CK),以灌溉定额(S1D)、灌溉强度(S2Q)、灌溉频次(S3P)和灌溉下限(S4X)4种灌溉因子为试验组,设置12个处理(S1D1、S1D2、S1D3、S2Q1、S2Q2、S2Q3、S3P1、S3P2、S3P3、S4X1、S4X2、S4X3),分析不同处理对向日葵产量、水分利用效率、灌溉水有效利用系数、籽粒品质、生长指标以及干物质量的影响。【结果】S1D2处理(灌溉定额为900 m3/hm2)向日葵产量最大(4 303.95 kg/hm2),水分利用效率最高[1.21 kg/(mm·hm2)];S2Q3处理(灌溉强度为0.33 m3/h)产量和水分利用效率均最高,产量可达4 341.00 kg/hm2;S3P3处理(灌溉频次为4次)水分利用效率和灌溉水有效利用系数均最高。S1D2处理的结实率最大(86.14%)且瘪粒数最少;S3P3处理的饱粒数、结实率和花盘直径最大,且显著优于S3P2和S3P1处理(P<0.05)。在现蕾期,S1D1、S1D2、S1D3处理向日葵茎粗和叶面积随着灌溉定额的增加呈递增趋势;S1D3和S2Q3处理地上部干物质量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。【结论】灌溉定额为900 m3/hm2、灌溉强度为0.33 m3/h、灌溉频次为4次的灌溉模式更有利于提升燕山丘陵区向日葵产量、水分利用效率和籽粒品质。

关键词: 向日葵, 灌溉定额, 灌溉强度, 灌溉频次, 灌溉下限, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】 To improve irrigation water use efficiency for sunflower in the Yanshan hilly region,thereby achieving efficient use of water resources as well as high-quality and high-yield sunflower production. 【Methods】 Using edible sunflower variety T339 as the experimental object,experiments were conducted in Harqin Banner,Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia. Local flood irrigation served as the control(CK) and four irrigation factors-irrigation quota(S1D),irrigation intensity(S2Q),irrigation frequency(S3P),and lower irrigation limit(S4X)-were used as the experimental groups,resulting in 12 designed treatments(S1D1,S1D2,S1D3,S2Q1,S2Q2,S2Q3,S3P1,S3P2,S3P3,S4X1,S4X2,S4X3). The effects of different treatments on sunflower yield,water use efficiency,effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water,seed quality,growth indicators,and dry matter weight were analyzed. 【Results】 The S1D2 treatment(irrigation quota of 900 m3/hm2) achieved the highest sunflower yield(4 303.95 kg/hm2) and the highest water use efficiency [1.21 kg/(mm·hm2)];the S2Q3 treatment(irrigation intensity of 0.33 m3/h) produced the highest yield and water use efficiency,with the yield reaching 4 341.00 kg/hm2;the S3P3 treatment(irrigation frequency of 4 times) exhibited the highest water use efficiency and effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. The S1D2 treatment showed the highest seed-setting rate(86.14%) and the lowest number of unfilled seeds;the S3P3 treatment had the highest number of filled seeds,seed-setting rate,and flower head diameter,and was significantly superior to the S3P2 and S3P1 treatments(P<0.05). During the budding stage,stem diameter and leaf area of sunflower in the S1D1,S1D2,and S1D3 treatments showed an increasing trend with the increase of irrigation quota;aboveground dry matter weight in the S1D3 and S2Q3 treatments was significantly higher than in other treatments(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 An irrigation pattern with an irrigation quota of 900 m3/hm2,irrigation intensity of 0.33 m3/h,and irrigation frequency of 4 times is more favorable for enhancing sunflower yield,water use efficiency,and seed quality in the Yanshan hilly region.

Key words: Sunflower, Irrigation quota, Irrigation intensity, Irrigation frequency, Lower irrigation limit, Yield, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

  • S565.5