畜牧与饲料科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 91-100.doi: 10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2026.02.012

• 草业科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

行距和播种量对中科1号紫花苜蓿株高、鲜草产量、种子产量的影响

谢宇1, 王洋1, 石磊1, 王慧敏1, 木兰1, 刘亚红1, 晔薷罕1, 王霞2, 邱晓1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.乌兰察布市草原站,内蒙古 集宁区 012000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-03-30 发布日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 邱晓(1983—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事草原生态保护与修复研究工作。
  • 作者简介:谢宇(1995—),男,助理研究员,主要从事草原生态保护与修复研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古科技计划项目“中科系列黄花苜蓿、杂花苜蓿良种培育”(2021GG0372); 内蒙古科技计划项目“阴山沿麓优良草种质资源高效繁育与加工利用”(2022YFHH0107)

Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Plant Height, Fresh Forage Yield, and Seed Yield of Medicago sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1

XIE Yu1, WANG Yang1, SHI Lei1, WANG Huimin1, MU Lan1, LIU Yahong1, Yeruhan1, WANG Xia2, QIU Xiao1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
    2. Ulanqab Grassland Station, Jining District 012000, China
  • Received:2025-11-17 Online:2026-03-30 Published:2026-06-25

摘要: [目的] 研究不同栽培措施对中科1号紫花苜蓿株高、鲜草产量和种子产量的影响,明确中科1号紫花苜蓿在内蒙古中西部荒漠草原区生产种植的最佳行距和最佳播种量。[方法] 以中科1号紫花苜蓿为试验材料,在内蒙古集宁地区进行试验。采用随机区组设计,设置3种不同的行距(50、60、70 cm,分别记为H1、H2、H3)和4种不同的播种量(18、24、30、36 kg/hm2,分别记为P1、P2、P3、P4),共12个处理,每个处理3次重复。2021年5月下旬播种,分别于2022—2024年连续3年每年8月中旬测量苜蓿的高度,9月下旬测定鲜草产量和种子产量。[结果] ①株高方面,行距为60 cm,播种量为24 kg/hm2时中科1号紫花苜蓿株高最高,3年平均株高为84.90 cm。②鲜草产量方面,行距为50 cm,播种量为36 kg/hm2时中科1号紫花苜蓿鲜草产量最高,平均鲜草产量为14.39 t/hm2,较最低处理增产48.05%。③种子产量方面,行距为70 cm,播种量为24 kg/hm2时中科1号紫花苜蓿种子产量最高,平均种子产量为85.87 kg/hm2,显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理。④灰色关联度分析和排序结果显示,H3P2(行距为70 cm,播种量为24 kg/hm2)、H2P2(行距为60 cm,播种量为24 kg/hm2)和H1P4(行距为50 cm,播种量为36 kg/hm2)组合位列前三。[结论] 不同栽培措施对中科1号紫花苜蓿生长及产量影响明显,株高、鲜草产量、种子产量的最优单因素组合存在差异;综合考量苜蓿生产应用价值(兼顾种子繁殖与草地可持续利用),在内蒙古中西部荒漠草原(集宁地区)种植中科1号紫花苜蓿,最佳栽培条件为行距70 cm、播种量24 kg/hm2

关键词: 中科1号紫花苜蓿, 行距, 播种量, 株高, 鲜草产量, 种子产量

Abstract: [Objective] To study the effects of different cultivation practices on plant height, fresh forage yield and seed yield of Medicago sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1, and to clarify the optimal row spacing and seeding rate for its production and cultivation in the desert steppe regions of central and western Inner Mongolia. [Methods] The experiment was carried out in Jining District, Inner Mongolia using M. sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1 as the experimental material. A randomized complete block design was adopted with three row spacings (50, 60, and 70 cm, designated as H1, H2, and H3, respectively) and four seeding rates (18, 24, 30, and 36 kg/hm2, designated as P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively), which generated a total of 12 treatments, with three replicates per treatment. Sowing was carried out in late May 2021. Plant height of M. sativa was measured in mid-August, and fresh forage yield and seed yield were measured in late September from 2022 to 2024 for three consecutive years. [Results] ①In terms of plant height, when the row spacing was 60 cm and the seeding rate was 24 kg/hm2, the plant height of M. sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1 was the highest, with a three-year average plant height of 84.90 cm. ②In terms of fresh forage yield, when the row spacing was 50 cm and the seeding rate was 36 kg/hm2, the fresh forage yield of M. sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1 was the highest, with an average fresh forage yield of 14.39 t/hm2, which was 48.05% higher than that of the lowest treatment. ③In terms of seed yield, the seed yield of M. sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1 was the highest when the row spacing was 70 cm and the seeding rate was 24 kg/hm2, and the average seed yield was 85.87 kg/hm2, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher those of other treatments. ④The results of grey relational analysis and ranking showed that the combination of H3P2 (row spacing of 70 cm, seeding rate of 24 kg/hm2), H2P2 (row spacing of 60 cm, seeding rate of 24 kg/hm2) and H1P4 (row spacing of 50 cm, seeding rate of 36 kg/hm2) ranked the top three. [Conclusion] Different cultivation practices have significant effects on the growth and yield of M. sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1, and the optimal single factor combinations of plant height, fresh forage yield and seed yield are different. Comprehensively considering the production and application values of M. sativa (balancing seed propagation and sustainable grassland utilization), the optimal cultivation conditions for M. sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1 planted in the desert steppe region of central and western Inner Mongolia (Jining region) is a row spacing of 70 cm and a seeding rate of 24 kg/hm2.

Key words: Medicago sativa cv. Zhongke No. 1, row spacing, seeding rate, plant height, fresh forage yield, seed yield

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