热应激对泌乳牛产奶性能影响机制的研究进展

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2024.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热应激通过多种途径影响泌乳牛的产奶性能,包括减少采食量、转变能量代谢模式、激活免疫系统及引起炎症、影响乳腺发育及功能等。牧场对于热应激的应对措施通常从营养、管理、遗传三方面入手,调控效果有限。了解热应激导致泌乳牛产奶量下降的潜在机制,对于减少热应激引起的产奶损失十分重要。综述了热应激对泌乳牛产奶性能影响机制的研究进展,以期为奶牛生产中科学制定热应激缓解措施提供参考。

关键词: 泌乳牛, 热应激, 产奶性能, 机制

Abstract: Heat stress affects the milking performance of lactating dairy cows through various routes, such as reducing feed intake, altering energy metabolism pattern, activating immune system and causing inflammation, and influencing mammary gland development and function. Alleviating measures against heat stress in dairy farms are usually taken from the aspects of nutrition, management and genetics, while the effect is limited. Understanding the potential mechanisms by which heat stress causes reduction in milk production in lactating dairy cows is crucial for controlling milk production losses resulted from heat stress. This paper reviewed the research progress on the influence mechanisms of heat stress on the milking performance of lactating dairy cows, in hoping to provide references for the scientific formulation of heat stress alleviating measures in dairy cow production.

Key words: lactating dairy cow, heat stress, milking performance, mechanism

中图分类号:

S823.914

宫玥, 王封霞, 张幸怡, 刘岩, 韦子海, 苏衍菁. 热应激对泌乳牛产奶性能影响机制的研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2024, 45(3): 35-39.

GONG Yue, WANG Fengxia, ZHANG Xingyi, LIU Yan, WEI Zihai, SU Yanjing. Research Progress on the Influence Mechanisms of Heat Stress on the Milking Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2024, 45(3): 35-39.

参考文献

[1] WEST J W.Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2131-2144.
[2] RHOADS M L, RHOADS R P, VANBAALE M J, et al.Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows:Ⅰ. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(5):1986-1997.
[3] CHEN L, THORUP V M, KUDAHL A B, et al.Effects of heat stress on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, and feed efficiency in dairy cows:A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2024,107(5):3207-3218.
[4] OMINSKI K H, KENNEDY A D, WITTENBERG K M, et al.Physiological and production responses to feeding schedule in lactating dairy cows exposed to short-term, moderate heat stress[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(4):730-737.
[5] SULLIVAN K F, MADER T L.Managing heat stress episodes in confined cattle[J]. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice,2018,34(2):325-339.
[6] CHANG-FUNG-MARTEL J, HARRISON M T, BROWN J N, et al. Negative relationship between dry matter intake and the temperature-humidity index with increasing heat stress in cattle:A global meta-analysis[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology,2021,65(12):2099-2109.
[7] CLARK J H, DAVIS C L.Future improvement of milk production:Potential for nutritional improvement[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1983,57(3):750-764.
[8] MOORE C E, KAY J K, COLLIER R J, et al.Effect of supplemental conjugated linoleic acids on heat-stressed Brown Swiss and Holstein cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(5):1732-1740.
[9] SHWARTZ G, RHOADS M L, VANBAALE M J, et al.Effects of a supplemental yeast culture on heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(3):935-942.
[10] CALAMARI L, ABENI F, CALEGARI F, et al.Metabolic conditions of lactating Friesian cows during the hot season in the Po Valley. 2. Blood minerals and acid-base chemistry[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology,2007,52(2):97-107.
[11] BAUMGARD L H, RHOADS R P.Ruminant Nutrition Symposium:Ruminant production and metabolic responses to heat stress[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(6):1855-1865.
[12] BAUMGARD L H, WHEELOCK J B, SANDERS S R, et al.Postabsorptive carbohydrate adaptations to heat stress and monensin supplementation in lactating Holstein cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(11):5620-5633.
[13] WHEELOCK J B, RHOADS R P, VANBAALE M J, et al.Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(2):644-655.
[14] O′BRIEN M D, RHOADS R P, SANDERS S R, et al. Metabolic adaptations to heat stress in growing cattle[J]. Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2010,38(2):86-94.
[15] ELVINGER F, NATZKE R P, HANSEN P J.Interactions of heat stress and bovine somatotropin affecting physiology and immunology of lactating cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(2):449-462.
[16] STARKIE R L, HARGREAVES M, ROLLAND J, et al.Heat stress,cytokines, and the immune response to exercise[J]. Brain,Behavior,and Immunity,2005,19(5):404-412.
[17] MITRA R, CHRISTISON G I, JOHNSON H D.Effect of prolonged thermal exposure on growth hormone (GH) secretion in cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1972,34(5):776-779.
[18] IGONO M O, JOHNSON H D, STEEVENS B J, et al.Effect of season on milk temperature, milk growth hormone, prolactin, and somatic cell counts of lactating cattle[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology,1988,32(3):194-200.
[19] MCGUIRE M A, BEEDE D K, DELORENZO M A, et al.Effects of thermal stress and level of feed intake on portal plasma flow and net fluxes of metabolites in lactating Holstein cows[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1989,67(4):1050-1060.
[20] JO J H, JALIL G N, KIM W S, et al.Effects of rumen-protected L-tryptophan supplementation on productivity, physiological indicators, blood profiles, and heat shock protein gene expression in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2024,25(2):1217.
[21] LIN Y, SUN X X, HOU X M, et al.Effects of glucose on lactose synthesis in mammary epithelial cells from dairy cow[J]. BMC Veterinary Research,2016,12:81.
[22] BELL A W, BAUMAN D E.Adaptations of glucose metabolism during pregnancy and lactation[J]. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,1997,2(3):265-278.
[23] THREADGOLD L C, KUHN N J.Glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis by lactating rat mammary gland[J]. The International Journal of Biochemistry,1979,10(8):683-685.
[24] FAN C Y, SU D, TIAN H, et al.Liver metabolic perturbations of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(8):1244-1251.
[25] RHOADS R P, LA NOCE A J, WHEELOCK J B, et al. Alterations in expression of gluconeogenic genes during heat stress and exogenous bovine somatotropin administration[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(4):1917-1921.
[26] LINDINGER M I .Integrated nutraceutical - nutritional approaches to address equine leaky gut syndrome[J].Veterinary Science Research,2019,1(1):16.
[27] HALL L W, DUNSHEA F R, ALLEN J D, et al.Evaluation of dietary betaine in lactating Holstein cows subjected to heat stress[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(12):9745-9753.
[28] YUE S M, WANG Z S, WANG L Z, et al.Transcriptome functional analysis of mammary gland of cows in heat stress and thermoneutral condition[J]. Animals,2020,10(6):1015.
[29] SAFA S, KARGAR S, MOGHADDAM G A, et al.Heat stress abatement during the postpartum period:Effects on whole lactation milk yield, indicators of metabolic status,inflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of the oxidative stress[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2019,97(1):122-132.
[30] LACETERA N, BERNABUCCI U, SCALIA D, et al.Heat stress elicits different responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Brown Swiss and Holstein cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(12):4606-4612.
[31] CAPUCO A V, ELLIS S E, HALE S A, et al.Lactation persistency:Insights from mammary cell proliferation studies[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(3):18-31.
[32] STELWAGEN K, SINGH K.The role of tight junctions in mammary gland function[J]. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,2014,19(1):131-138.
[33] WENG X, MONTEIRO A P A, GUO J, et al. Effects of heat stress and dietary zinc source on performance and mammary epithelial integrity of lactating dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(3):2617-2630.
[34] 詹经纬,童津津,熊本海,等.奶牛乳腺健康与乳中体细胞数之间关系的研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报,2021,33(3):1299-1305.
[35] ZEINHOM M M A, ABDEL A R L, MOHAMMED A N, et al. Impact of seasonal conditions on quality and pathogens content of milk in Friesian cows[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(8):1207-1213.
[36] NASR M A F, EL-TARABANY M S.Impact of three THI levels on somatic cell count, milk yield and composition of multiparous Holstein cows in a subtropical region[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology,2017,64:73-77.
[37] LUDOVICO A, MAION V B, BRONKHORST D E, et al.Losses in milk production and quality due to milk somatic cell count and heat stress of Holsteins cows in temperate climate[J]. Semina:Ciências Agrárias,2015,36(5):3455-3469.