不同胁迫条件对百脉根农艺性状、生理指标及内源激素的影响

doi:10.12160/j.issn.1672-5190.2024.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]研究不同胁迫条件对百脉根农艺性状、生理指标及内源激素的影响。[方法]以百脉根为试验材料,通过配制不同的营养液设置低营养（low nutrition,LN）、高重碳酸盐（high bicarbonate,HB）、低磷（low phosphorus,LP）3种胁迫处理,以用蒸馏水配制的霍格兰营养液为空白对照（CK）;在百脉根2~3叶时移栽入不同处理的营养液瓶中,每瓶5株苗,每个处理15瓶,每3 d换1次营养液,培养1个月后收获;测定并比较不同胁迫处理下百脉根的农艺性状指标、生理指标及内源激素含量;采用隶属函数分析法综合评价不同胁迫处理对百脉根农艺性状、生理指标及内源激素含量的影响,分析百脉根在不同胁迫条件下的生长状况。[结果]LP处理下百脉根株高最高;与CK相比,3种胁迫处理下百脉根的根长、根际直径、茎粗、根体积、分枝数、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、单株鲜重均降低,地上干物质含量和地下干物质含量均提高;LN处理下鲜重根冠比、干重根冠比最大。LN处理下百脉根主根根系活力最大,须根根系活力显著（P<0.05）高于其他处理。LP处理下叶部叶绿素含量显著（P<0.05）高于其他处理,HB处理下茎部叶绿素含量最高。3种胁迫处理下百脉根叶部蛋白质含量显著（P<0.05）低于CK,茎部蛋白质含量高于CK,叶部丙二醛含量显著（P<0.05）高于CK,茎部丙二醛含量显著（P<0.05）低于CK,叶部和茎部脯氨酸含量均高于CK。3种胁迫处理均可显著（P<0.05）降低百脉根茎部超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性,显著（P<0.05）提高茎部过氧化氢酶活性和叶部谷氨酰胺合成酶活性;HB和LP胁迫处理可显著（P<0.05）降低百脉根叶部超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性;LN和LP胁迫处理可显著（P<0.05）降低叶部过氧化氢酶活性,显著（P<0.05）提高茎部谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。与CK相比,3种胁迫处理下百脉根的乙烯（ACC）、茉莉酸及其衍生物（JA）含量均显著（P<0.05）降低,游离态细胞分裂素（CTK）、脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素类（GAs）含量均显著（P<0.05）提高;除LP处理的ACC/BHA值外,3种胁迫处理下百脉根ACC与其他内源激素的比值均不同程度降低,部分比值已小于1。隶属函数分析法分析表明,百脉根综合长势排序为LP处理>CK>HB处理>LN处理。[结论]综合各项指标来看,低磷胁迫对百脉根生长的影响较小,高重碳酸盐和低营养胁迫对百脉根生长的影响较大。在低磷、高重碳酸盐和低营养胁迫下,百脉根可通过调整形态结构、激活抗氧化系统、平衡内源激素来调控其生长发育,从而适应不良环境。

关键词: 百脉根, 胁迫, 低营养, 高重碳酸盐, 低磷, 抗氧化酶活性, 植物激素

Abstract: [Objective] The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different stresses on the agronomic traits, physiological indicators and endogenous hormones of Lotus corniculatus. [Method] Using Lotus corniculatus as the experimental material, 3 stress treatments, including low nutrition （LN）, high bicarbonate （HB） and low phosphorus （LP） were set up by preparing different nutrient solutions. Hoagland′s nutrient solution prepared with distilled water was used as blank control （CK）. Lotus corniculatus seedlings at 2-3 leaves stage were transplanted into bottles containing different nutrient solutions, with 5 seedlings in each bottle and 15 bottles for each treatment. The nutrient solutions were changed every 3 d. Plants were harvested after 1 month of cultivation. The agronomic traits, physiological indicators and endogenous hormone levels of Lotus corniculatus under different stress treatments were measured and statistically compared. Membership function analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different stress treatments on the agronomic traits, physiological indicators and endogenous hormone levels of Lotus corniculatus. The growth performance of Lotus corniculatus under different stresses were analyzed. [Result] The plant height of Lotus corniculatus was the highest under LP treatment. Compared with CK, the root length, rhizosphere diameter, stem thickness, root volume, number of branches, above-ground and under-ground fresh weights, and single plant fresh weight of Lotus corniculatus under the 3 stress treatments all decreased, while the above-ground and under-ground dry matter contents increased. The root to shoot ratios of fresh weight and dry weights were the highest under LN treatment. Under LN treatment, the taproot activity of Lotus corniculatus was the highest, and the fibrous root activity was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that under the other treatments. The leaf chlorophyll content under LP treatment was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that under the other treatments, and the stem chlorophyll content was the highest under HB treatment. Under the 3 stress treatments, leaf protein content of Lotus corniculatus was significantly （P<0.05） lower than CK, stem protein content was higher than CK, leaf malondialdehyde content was significantly （P<0.05） higher than CK, stem malondialdehyde content was significantly （P<0.05） lower than CK, and both leaf and stem proline contents were higher than CK. The 3 stress treatments significantly （P<0.05） reduced the stem superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of Lotus corniculatus, and significantly （P<0.05） increased the stem catalase activity and the leaf glutamine synthetase activity. HB and LP stress treatments significantly （P<0.05） reduced the leaf superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of Lotus corniculatus. LN and LP stress treatments significantly （P<0.05） reduced the leaf catalase activity and significantly （P<0.05） increased the stem glutamine synthase activity. Compared with CK, the contents of acetylene （ACC）, jasmonic acid and its derivatives （JA） in Lotus corniculatus significantly （P<0.05） decreased under the 3 stress treatments, while the contents of free cytokinin （CTK）, abscisic acid （ABA） and gibberellins （GAs） significantly （P<0.05） increased. Except for the ACC/BHA under LP treatment, the ratios of ACC to the other endogenous hormones in Lotus corniculatus decreased to varying degrees under the 3 stress treatments, with some ratios less than 1. The membership function analysis showed that the comprehensive growth performance of Lotus corniculatus was in the order of LP treatment>CK>HB treatment>LN treatment. [Conclusion] Based on the various indicators, low phosphorus stress had minor impacts on the growth of Lotus corniculatus, while high bicarbonate and low nutrient stresses had a greater impact. Under low phosphorus, high bicarbonate and low nutrient stresses, Lotus corniculatus can regulate its growth and development by adjusting the morphological structure, activating the antioxidant system and balancing endogenous hormones, thereby adapting to the adverse environments.

Key words: Lotus corniculatus, stress, low nutrition, high bicarbonate, low phosphorus, antioxidant enzyme activity, plant hormone

中图分类号:

S541.6

李亚娇, 刘晓霞, 马培杰, 罗文举, 龙忠富, 陈才俊, 柳嘉佳, 王小利. 不同胁迫条件对百脉根农艺性状、生理指标及内源激素的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2024, 45(3): 64-73.

LI Yajiao, LIU Xiaoxia, MA Peijie, LUO Wenju, LONG Zhongfu, CHEN Caijun, LIU Jiajia, WANG Xiaoli. Effects of Different Stresses on the Agronomic Traits,Physiological Indicators and Endogenous Hormones of Lotus corniculatus[J]. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2024, 45(3): 64-73.

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