In order to improve the quality of swine in Yunnan Province,four hybridized combinations（PIC402×LY,PIC402×N1,D×LY,and Y×N1） used in Yunnan Province were selected,and their growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality were compared.Single-factor four-treatment design was used.The pigs were assigned to four groups according to their hybridized combinations,two replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate.The same feeding and management were performed.When the daily gain was 20-60 kg,the PIC402×N1 had the highest daily gain [（782±87） g],which was 82,82 and 127 g higher than that the PIC402×LY,D×LY,and Y×N1,respectively.When the daily gain was 60-100 kg,the daily gain of PIC402×LY,D×LY,PIC402×N1 and Y×N1 decreased successively,and the differences were significant（P0.05）.When the daily gain was 20-60 kg,the D×LY had the lowest feed conservation ratio（2.41±0.32）,and the differences were significant（P0.05）.When the daily gain was 60-100 kg,the feed conservation ratio of PIC402×LY,D×LY,Y×N1,and PIC402×N1 increased successively.The dressing percentage was highest in the PIC402 × N1 [（79.57±2.59）%] and lowest in the D×LY [（76.96±2.97）%].The content of delicious amino acids and that of essential amino acids were highest in the Y×N1,（42.07±8.91）% and（41.21±9.05）%,respectively.Therefore,the introduced pig breeds have more excellent growing-finishing performance than the local breeds in Yunnan Province,but the latter have more excellent meat quality and flavor than the former.

The proteolytic complex of spleen and brain protein is material transfer factor carrying the allergic information released by T lymphocytes and is also brain-specific nutrient drugs of peptidergic nerve.It can enhance immunity of animals and disease resistance of young animals.The preparation methods of the proteolytic complex of spleen and brain protein were introduced.And in clinic,it was applied in Tibetan pigs at the age of 20-30 days old from a pig farm in Linzhi area of Tibetan region.The 33 piglets of the experiment group were administrated with the proteolytic complex at a dosage of 2 mL/（kg·bw）.There were 30 piglets in the control group.The results showed that the piglets in the experiment group had significantly stronger disease resistance and higher survival rate than the control group（P0.05）.

The novel additive was composed of glucose-citrate-yolk supplemented with deep-seal fish oil which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFA） and contains high-proportion DHA and EPA.This additive was added to frozen sheep semen to study the excellent protection effects of PUFA on sperm in freezing-thawing process.After the freezing-thawing process,the frozen sheep semen in diluents added PUFA at a proportion of 3% and VE at a proportion of 1% were damaged little.After thawing process,viability and acrosomal integrity were 6% and 10% higher than that of the control group 1（0）（P0.05）,respectively.The activity of LDH enzyme（Lactate dehydrogenase） and GOT enzyme（glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase） in seminal plasma was 65% and 15% lower than that of the control group 1（0）（P0.05）.

In the barn feeding process of sheep,different feed additives will affect their performance.Recent studies show that the rare earth elements added to the feed can increase meat production rate,lambing rate,feed conversion ratio,meat quality,wool length and disease-resistance at varying degrees in sheep reared in barn.The paper reviews the research progress in the effects of rare earth element used as feed additive on daily gain in sheep reared in barn.

Potentilla bulbs were treated by different methods.After one month,the spheroid potentilla bulbs had the highest rate of survival,and the number of buds was affected by the shape of potentilla bulbs,the interaction between solution concentration and soaking time,and the interaction between potentilla bulbs and solution concentration.

The aim of the study was to determine the optimum harvest time by analyzing nutrients in common cordgrass（Spartina anglica） harvested at different mowing time and to analyze its nutritional value.The results showed that the common cordgrass was in grass withering period from December to next March,and it began to turn green on April 8 and then entered tillering and jointing stage on April 28.The vegetative stage was from June to September.The common cordgrass began to ear on September 10.The initial bloom stage was September 26,and it entered the flowering stage in October or November.The seeds matured in November and came into the grass withering period in December.The optimum harvest time for the common cordgrass was June and September.The nutrient contents of common cordgrass harvested at the optimum time are as follows： crude protein,9.26%;calcium,1.10%;phosphorus,0.11%;NDF,54.29%;ADF,34.14%;Ash,7.93%;and NaCl,1.54%.The unit nutritional value of microbial silage of common cordgrass was 6.54 Yuan,which was more economical than that of alfalfa,oat,chinensis and other high-cost forages.

Parthenogenetic activation is a procedure that an oocyte at meiosis Ⅱ stage is activated into mitosis by some chemical or physical stimulation other than a sperm and the embryo is formed in the absence of any contribution from a male gamete.The activation of oocyte is the result of calcium ion oscillations and deactivation of some cytokines such as maturation promoting factor,mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytostatic factor.Parthenogenetic activation is the key technique for nuclear transfer and is also an effective method to study fertilization mechanism and developmental mechanism in mammals.The mechanism of parthenogenetic activation of oocytes and the mechanism of their parthenogenesis were introduced.

Apoptosis is a spontaneous cell-suicide process triggered in response to physiological and pathological stress stimuli.It is an initiative,tightly regulated and gene controlled process with the participation of a series of enzymes.Apoptosis plays a key role in health and survival of multicellular organisms and plays an important role in the normal development of individuals.Apoptosis is significant in tissue differentiation,organ development and individual homeostasis.The new cells are produced,and the aging and mutant cells were cleared by apoptosis at the same time to ensure normal development and metabolism of organs and tissues.The paper reviews the research progress in apoptosis.

Regulation of self-renewal of embryonic stem cells（ES） is a complex molecular signaling system.When the signal system is in overall balance,the self-renewal of ES cells can be maintained.The ES cells can be applied and the downstream stem cell-based technology can be developed only after the function of these signaling pathways has been understood.The paper reviews the research progress in the molecular mechanism of self-renewal of ES cells by analyzing important cytokines such as LIF,Oct-4 and Nanog.

This paper introduces the reform and innovation in the process of teaching biochemical course in Hainan Institute of Science Technology,which includes reform of contents,methods and ways of teaching.To improve the teaching effect of biochemistry,the paper also discusses how to improve students′ learning initiative,how to strengthen memory on the basis of understanding,and how to make use of experiments to enhance students′ ability to use knowledge appropriately.

The characteristics of pharmacy specialty in College of Food and Drug of Anhui Science and Technology University were analyzed,and the development of instrumental analysis course was also introduced.A series of reforms were conducted in the connection between its teaching content and related disciplines including the instrumental analysis course itself as well as in the teaching means and methods.Integrated teaching which is based on basic points and replenished and updated timely enhances students′ ability to master and apply knowledge.The use of multimedia,live demonstrations and other means raises the students′ awareness in large equipment and makes them master necessary methods of operation.The practical and innovative ability should be trained by conducting multi-level teaching in various forms.

Histology and Embryology of Aquatic Animal is the basic course of aquaculture.The analysis on the teaching experiences of six patches of students,at the first course,the enthusiasm of students should be stimulated,and the teaching ability and teaching art should also be involved.In addition,students should know how to study.These methods can evidently improve teaching quality of Histology and Embryology of Aquatic Animal.

College students were investigated with the SCL-90 scale.And the results showed that the interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety factorial scores had significant difference between college students of different sexes.And the interpersonal sensitivity,depression and anxiety factorial scores had significant difference between poor college students and non-poor college students.The obsessive-compulsive and depression factorial scores had significant difference between single-parental students and non-single-parental students.The depression factorial score had significant difference between urban students and rural students.

The article describes the status of Introduction to Life Science elective course and discusses the content,methods and means of teaching this course in non-biology major of independent college.These should be taken as the basic elements of excellent class in order to provide a reference for improving teaching effects of the Introduction to Life Science.

The aim of the study was to research the in silico pharmacology of a traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） prescription in immune aspect.And the compound effects were explained at the molecular level.Using computer aided drug design（CADD）,virtual screening was conducted to search for the formula′s molecules that affect four immune related targets： endothelial nitric oxide synthase（eNOS）,inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）,adenosine A2A receptor（A2AR）,and matrix metalloproteinase-8（MMP-8）.The number of molecules having potential biological interaction with the above-mentioned targets was 153,194,63 and 24,respectively.The study illustrated the silico pharmacology of the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） prescription in immune aspect as well as compound effect at the molecular level.This will provide a scientific basis for clinical application of the TCM compound and give a hint to find new entities for sepsis drugs.

Chloramphenicol residues in food can cause serious toxicity and side effects.Reliable,sensitive and practical monitoring and analysis technology is the key to control them effectively.This paper describes the research progress in detection of chloramphenicol residue by ELISA as well as its application prospects.

With the economic development and the improvement of living standards,more and more attention is paid to quality and safety of agricultural products.To strengthen the quality safety management of agricultural products,to improve their quality,and to ensure their safety are important measures to improve the quality of life.In this paper,the factors that affect the quality and safety of agricultural products were discussed and the countermeasures were also proposed.

Eating healthcare egg with low cholesterol can lower blood pressure and blood sugar and can also prevent some diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus which are susceptible to the elderly.The paper describes briefly the healthcare function of healthcare egg with low cholesterol,the regulation and control mechanism of cholesterol contents in the eggs,the development method and prospects.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ultra-fine herbal feed additive at a proportion of 0.5% on growth performance and diarrhea rate in weaned piglets.Single factor completely randomized design was used for the experiment.A total of 54 healthy weaned piglets [（9.50 ± 0.63） kg,28 days old] were selected and randomly divided into three treatment groups including two experimental groups and one control group,18 in each group（half male and half female） and three replicates in each group.Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in body weight between the groups（P0.05）.The piglets in the control group were fed basic diet not containing any drug like antibiotic.Those in the group Ⅰ were fed with the basic diet supplemented colistin at a dosage of 0.02%.Those in the group Ⅱ were fed with the basic diet supplemented ultra-fine herbal feed additive at a proportion of 0.5%.The feeding period was 30 d.The results showed that the average daily feed intake and daily gain of the group Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of the control group（P0.05）.The feed conversion rate and diarrhea rate of the group Ⅱ were significantly lower than that of the control group（P0.05）.And the feeding effects were better in the group Ⅱ than in the group Ⅰ.Therefore,in the experimental conditions,the ultra-fine herbal feed additive,an alternative of antibiotic feed additive,can ensure the healthy growth of weaned piglets.

In order to provide a reference for use of single cell protein and bacteria protein feed,this paper expounds the basic concepts,characteristics,production process and safety of single cell protein feed and also points out its significance and development prospects.

In order to investigate the effect of apple pomace on growth of Rex rabbits,60 healthy Rex rabbits at the age of 35 days old weighing（834.00±16.52） g were randomly divided into three groups,experimental group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and control group.The rabbits in the control group were fed with basal diet.Those in the group Ⅰ were fed with basal diet added dry pomace at a proportion of 10%.Those in the group Ⅱ were fed with basal diet added dry pomace at a proportion of 20%.The feeding trial was finished within 60 d.The results showed that the weight gain of the control group,experimental group Ⅰ and experimental group Ⅱ was 1 550,2 416 and 2 149 g,respectively.The weight gain of the group Ⅰ was 866 g higher than that of the control group and 267 g higher than that of the experimental group Ⅱ.The daily weight gain of the of the group Ⅰ was 16 g higher than that of the control group and 5 g higher than that of the experimental group Ⅱ（P0.01）.The consumption of concentrate of the group Ⅰ was 878 g lower than that of the control group and 665 g lower than that of the experimental group Ⅱ（P0.05）.The feed conservation ratio of the group Ⅰ lower than that of the control group and experimental group Ⅱ（P0.05）.Therefore,addition of dry apple pomace at a proportion of 10% was the best for the growth of weaned rabbits.

The application of flocculant and coagulant in the pretreatment of fermentation broth and fermented industrial wastewater treatment was introduced,and the efficiency,importance and potential prospect of flocculant and coagulant in fermentation were discussed.

Chitosan which belongs to polysaccharides is abundant in nature,and it is the only polysaccharide which has been used much until now.It is mainly derived from crustacean exoskeleton as well as cell walls of fungi and insects.Due to its strong antibacterial activity,film-forming ability and other properties,it can be used as a good antimicrobial agent in food,fruit and vegetable preservative,food additive and clarifying agent.Because of the chelating properties of chitosan and its derivatives,it can be used to avoid serious damage to ecological balance caused by metal ions in industrial wastewater treatment.Due to the biocompatibility and degradability of chitosan,it can also be used as surgical suture in medicine.The application of chitosan in the food area,printing and dyeing wastewater treatment and medicine area was also introduced.

Reduction,hazard-free treatment,utilization,and ecologicalization of livestock and poultry waste can be achieved through the management of livestock excreta,combination of farming with animal husbandry,and comprehensive utilization.The paper introduces the main practices and effectiveness of Lin′an City of Zhejiang Province to create a low carbon economy of animal husbandry and also analyzes the main problems in the comprehensive management of livestock excreta in the large-scale livestock farms in Lin′an City.And corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

In this paper,the characteristics,nutritional value,processing methods,application in animal husbandry,feeding effect,research status and problems of chicken manure are reviewed.And the prospects of recycled chicken manure feed were pointed out.

Straws accounts for a large part of by-products of crops,and it is an important industrial and agricultural production resources.Due to traditional ideas and ways of life,most of crop straws have been not used reasonably,which pollutes the environment and wastes resources.With recycling economic principle as the breakthrough point,the paper discusses the ways for comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources.

To improve school running and school size in vocational colleges,it is necessary to change the libraries of vocational colleges to digital libraries.The main features of digital libraries are digitalization of digital information,networked of information transmission,computerization of management and service,and opening of system.Considering the features of digital libraries in vocational colleges,the importance of building digital libraries was expounded.And some ideas and strategies were also proposed.

Cashmere industry is an important constituent of animal husbandry in China.China is rich in variety resources of Cashmere goat.With the enlarging demand for cashmere products in China and abroad,the status of cashmere industry in China has been widely recognized.The paper reviews the current development status,production and market of cashmere in China and analyzes its development trends.

Building new socialist pastoral areas is a complex and difficult systematic engineering,which should not only need co-ordinate arrangements and scientific planning but also fully consider the conditions and capacity of all aspects with classified guidance according to local actual situation and conditions so as to make scientific,reasonable and simple measures.In promoting the construction of the new pastoral areas,it is necessary to insist both the general requirements of new socialist countryside construction and the basic principles of new pastoral areas.The paper illustrates the principles first formulating plans,centering on economic development,following the coordinated development,adhering to the construction of ecological civilization,following the feasibility,and following the system innovation.

The paper introduces the connotation of sustainable development of livestock husbandry and expounds existing problems of livestock husbandry in China.Meanwhile,it puts forward several measures to implement sustainable development of livestock husbandry.

The construction of new socialist pastoral areas should be promoted comprehensively with the guidance of the basic principles ＂more giving,less taking and more flexibility＂ according to the basic requirements ＂development of production,affluent life,civilization,clean and tidy village,and democratic management＂.The summary and suggestion of construction model is the summary of the pilot demonstration and can also guide the demonstration and promote the summarized experience.To promote the building of new socialist pastoral areas,some development models for construction of new pastoral areas were summarized and introduced,which included industry-led model,suburban industrial park-led model,eco-agriculture-led model,traditional cultural tourism-led model,and technical training and labor services export model.

The pathological changes in breast tissue of several cows suffering from clinical mastitis were observed.The mast cells were mainly located around the blood vessels,acinus and gland duct of the breast tissues.The results showed that the physiological function of mast cells may be achieved by changing the micro-circulation through vascular reaction,and the released mediator entered the blood vessels and played a role.And the raised polymorphonuclear leukocytes dissociated from the blood vessels.The number of mast cells in various parts of the mastitis breast tissue was higher than that in normal breast tissue,which indicated that the number of mast cells increased with the intensifying pathogenetic conditions.

Infectious bursal disease（IBD） caused by infectious bursal disease virus（IBDV） is widely popular in countries and regions raising poultry in the world,and it is one of important infectious diseases which is a serious threat to chicken industry in China in recent years.The IBDV infection in chickens can cause immune suppression and poor response to many vaccines or diseases.The paper introduces the research advances in etiology,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,pathological changes,immune suppression,diagnosis and prevention of IBD in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of the disease.

Questionnaire survey was performed in some henneries in Xiaomiao Town of Feixi County of Anhui Province,and the antibodies against Newcastle disease virus（NDV） were detected in some of these henneries.The questionnaire survey showed the problems in the disease prevention at varying degrees existed in the investigated laying hen farms and broiler chicken farms,especially in the latter.A total of 116 serum samples collected from some of these henneries were detected by hemagglutinin inhibition assay to determine the level of NDV antibody.The results of serological examination showed that the average protection rate was 73.3% in these samples,which indicated the low NDV antibody titer in some of these henneries.Therefore,immunization should be taken in time,and antibody monitoring also should be strengthened.

Chicken coccidiosis is mainly caused by intestinal protozoan parasites belonging to Eimeria.It occurs in almost all chicken farms.Particularly with the development of large-scale and intensive poultry industry,coccidiosis has become a global disease which restricts the production and development of intensive poultry.Its prevention and control have also attracted attention from veterinary workers.The coccidiosis infection was investigated in a county in Hebei Province from February 2010 and April 2010.Its epidemiology,clinical diagnosis,necropsy,laboratory diagnosis,and drug treatment were also investigated.The results showed that the incidence of coccidiosis was 15%-30%,and the mortality rate was almost zero.

Sheep alopecia is a general name of wool root atrophy,unhairing,and wool hypoplasia,which is caused by some special factors such as metabolic disorder,parasitic infection,bacterial infection and intoxication.The sheep alopecia can occur in both sheep and goats.Its incidence can reach 50%-60%,and its mortality is lower.This disease has led to great loss to animal husbandry.It has been a long time since sheep alopecia was reported,and it is still reported now.It occurs mainly in Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Ningxia,Liaoning and other areas,particularly in farming areas and half agriculture-half herding areas of Inner Mongolia and Gansu.In order to find a better way to prevent and cure sheep alopecia,the epidemiology,etiology as well as prevention and treatment measures were introduced.

Field trips were conducted in conservation base,hybrid beef cattle base and beef processing company in the Yellow River Delta region,and the breeding and crossbreeding effects to improve meat performance of the Luxi yellow cattle were investigated.The findings showed that the meat performance of Luxi yellow cattle could not compare favourably with that of Limousin,Simmental,Charolais,and other international cattle varieties in the present,but the Luxi yellow cattle had unique meat quality and adaptability.Through the rational use and development,the Luxi yellow cattle will absolutely become an important variety in beef industry of China.

Dung generated in the large-scale pig production pollutes environment very severely.Use of microbial fermentation in pig production can ensure good raising environment without fume,zero emission of dung,clean environment,and ecological farming.The paper describes technical points for pig production with fermentation bed in order to provide technical information for farmers.

The ostriches belonging to Ratitae of Aves are divided into the African ostrich,American ostrich,Australia ostrich（emu）,and Kiwi（New Zealand）.Currently,the bred ostriches are mostly African ostriches in the world.The breeding behaviors of ostriches were observed,and the breeding characteristics as well as reproductive behaviors including estrus,mating,breeding and egg laying behavior were introduced.The breeding status in the world as well as breeding time and levels in China was also introduced.

A total of 40 young male buffalo hybrids at the age of 1.5-2.5 years were selected.They were castrated for the staged fattening trial in order to investigate the effects of castration and different combinations of coarse fodder on daily gain.The results showed that the castrated male buffalo hybrids fed with elephant grass and corn silage had the highest daily gain,and the castrated male buffalo hybrids had higher average daily gain than that of non-castrated ones.