[objective]To optimize the extraction technology of Astragalus polysaccharide. [Methods]The solid to liquid ratio,extraction duration, extraction times, and immersion duration were chosen as the experimental factors in Astragalus polysaccharide extraction, and there were three levels for each of the factor. The water reflux extraction technology of Astragalus polysaccharide was optimized by L_9（3~4） orthogonal test using Astragalus polysaccharide content as assessing index. [Results]The optimum extraction conditions were as followed： solid to liquid ratio was 1∶12, extraction duration was 1.0 h, extraction repeated 3 times, and immersion duration was 1.0 h. Under these conditions, the obtained Astragalus polysaccharide content accounted for 6.4% and 58.23% of the raw medicinal materials and crude polysaccharide, respectively. [Conclusion]The optimized extraction technology of Astragalus polysaccharide is simple and quick to operate and has good repeatability and stabilization.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli（E. coli）isolates from chicken in Henan province. A total of 120 samples were recovered from the large-scale chicken farm, and the E.coli stains were isolated and subsequently confirmed by a commercial automated microbiology identification system（BD Phoenix^TM-100）. The susceptibility of the E. coli isolates to the selected antimicrobial agents was determined by broth micro-dilution test. The results showed that a total of 100 E. coli isolates were obtained with the isolating rate of 83.3%; high resistance rate（above 80%） were observed to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfafurazole, enrofloxacin, and compound sulfamethoxazole. Our investigation demonstrates the prevalence of antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates in chicken farms in Henan Province.

[Objective] To comprehensively assess the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of Euonymus alatus from different habitats by grey correlation degree and grey-clustering system analysis method. [Methods] Using the main active components of Euonymus alatus, including catechin, dehydrocatechins A, aromadendrin and naringenin as assessing index, the quality of the crude materials of Euonymus alatus from nine different habitats was analyzed by grey metrology method. [Results]The evaluation results of this study were basically consistent with the actual situation. [Conclusion] Compared to the traditional main component analysis method, grey metrology method has the features of simplicity and wider application scope.

Using the mulberry variety of ‘Sangteyou＇ No.2 as control, the growth performance and leaf nutritional value of the selected mulberry varieties, including ‘Guisangyou＇ No.62, ‘Guisang＇ No.6, ‘Yuesang＇ No.11, ‘Guisangyou＇ No.12 and‘Yuesang＇ No.51, were comprehensively assessed and compared. The results showed that the highest yield of living branches and fresh leaves was observed in the variety of ‘Yuesang＇ No.51[（6.52±0.42） t/667 m^2], while the lowest was observed ‘Sangteyou＇No.2 [（3.89±0.28） t/667 m^2]; the varieties of ‘Yuesang＇ No.51, ‘Guisangyou＇ No.12 and ‘Guisangyou＇ No.62 possessed good growth performance; the variety of ‘Guisangyou＇ No.62 had the highest crude protein content in leaves（18.46%） followed by‘Guisang＇ No.6（17.56%）, while the leaves of ‘Guisangyou＇ No.12, ‘Guisangyou＇ No.62 and ‘Guisang＇ No.6 had better quality compared to the other varieties. Taking yield of living branches and fresh leaves, growth performance and leaf nutritional value into consideration, the recommended mulberry varieties were ‘Guisangyou＇ No.62 and ‘Guisangyou＇ No.12, followed by‘Yuesang＇ No.51 and ‘Yuesang＇ No.11. These mulberry varieties has great planting and popularizing value in Guangxi and may become a new source of high-protein feed, which is helpful for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry of this region.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of replacement of maize starch by maize starch milk on production of aureomycin for feed additive use. Three commonly used Streptomyces aureofaciens strains for aureomycin fermentation was included and the parallel tests were designed in this study. The crucial technical indexes during the aureomycin production process, including digested carbohydrate content, soluble phosphate content, p H value, digested amino nitrogen content,mycelium growth, strain concentration and aureomycin potency, were used to evaluate the replacement effect of maize starch by maize starch milk on aureomycin fermentation. The results showed that in both seeding tank and fermentation tank, there were no significant differences in digested carbohydrate content, soluble phosphate content and p H value between the medium prepared with maize starch milk and that prepared with maize starch; the replacement of maize starch by maize starch milk elevated the digested amino nitrogen content and strain concentration, promoted the mycelium growth, and improved the potency of the fermentation product. Our investigation provides technical basis for the reduction of production cost, simplification of fermentation process, and improvement of production efficacy of aureomycin for feed additive use.

[Objective]To optimize the spore formation conditions of an aflatoxin-degrading Bacillus subtilis strain N-1 a used in silage preparation by employing orthogonal experimental design.[Methods]The strain biomass and spore formation rate were used as the assessment index to evaluate the optimized condition combinations. The fermentation medium components and their corresponding ratio as well as the culture conditions were determined and optimized by using single factor experiment and orthogonal experimental design. [Results]The optimal ratio of the medium components were as followed： corn meal 2.0%,soybean cake powder 1.0%, MnSO4·H2O 0.10%, MgSO4·5 H2O 0.01%; the optimum spore formation conditions were as followed：p H value 7.0, fermentation duration 48 h, inoculation amount 4%, loading liquid volume 75 m L per 250 m L medium; under these conditions, the biomass of the N-1 a stain was 6.08 ×10^8 cfu/m L and the spore formation rate was 81.25%. [Conclusion]The determination of the optimal spore formation conditions of the N-1 a strain in shake flask production provided a theoretical basis for the pilot scale production.

In order to provide scientific basis for the utilization of sunflower disks as a new feed resource in Bayannaoer region of Inner Mongolia, the fermentation quality of the mixed silage prepared with dried sunflower disks and fresh seed pumpkin shell was evaluated. The sunflower disks dried for 0 day and 4 days were mixed with seed pumpkin shell in the ratio of 1 ∶1 to prepare the fermented silage, respectively. The sensory evaluation and nutritional components determination were carried out to assess the quality of the mixed fermented silage. The results showed that drying time of sunflower disks had significant and very significant influence on sensory evaluation and fermentation quality of the mixed fermented silage, respectively, while had no significant influence on nutritional value; the mixed fermented silage prepared with sunflower disks dried for 4 days had poor sensory evaluation and fermentation quality compare to that prepared with sunflower disks dried for 0 day.

Feed is the basis for the development of animal husbandry industry. The quality of the feed has a significant impact on the healthy and sustainable development of animal husbandry industry. Meanwhile, the feed industry promotes the development of modern animal husbandry industry as an important engine and is a crucial link in the agricultural industry chain. It determines the development level of animal husbandry industry and is related to the local economic development level and the improvement of people′s living standard. The present situation and the existing problems of the feed industry in Hulunbuir of Inner Mongolia are analyzed in his paper, and its development trend is also prospected.

The objective of this study was to assess the association between biomass and individual evapotranspiration amount of Artemisia frigida which was the dominate plant in desert steppe at different stocking rate. The results showed that the individual daily evapotranspiration amount of the CK and LG area was relatively higher, and that of the HG area was lower; the variation of individual daily evapotranspiration amount of Artemisia frigida was relatively hysteretic compared to that of biomass and exhibited an opposite changing tendency against the biomass.

Clipping is one of the important measures to use and manage the native grassland. Understanding the impact of clipping on native grassland and applying the rational clipping technology are crucial for the protection of natural grassland ecological security and the sustainable development of animal husbandry. By referring the published research achievements at home and abroad, we mainly summarized the effects of clipping on the aboveground biomass and grass quality, community structure, species diversity, and soil physical and chemical properties of natural grassland and expounded the corresponding underlining mechanisms. Furthermore, in view of the deficiencies in the current research, the future research in this field is prospected so as to further uncover the effects of clipping on native grassland. In the practical production, the rational application of clipping technology may provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of the native grassland ecology and social benefits.

In this study, a filed trail was conducted to compare the control efficacy of two different formulations（oil miscible flowable concentrate, OF; wettable powder, WP） of the microbial reagent of Metarhizium anisopliae against grassland locust.Three experimental spots were designed for each formulation, designated as A1, A2, A3 spots for OF and B1, B2, B3 spots for WP,respectively. The location of the experimental spots A1 and B1, A2 and B2, and A3 and B3 was selected in plain, uphill and downhill grassland. CK spots were also included in this study. The population density of grassland locust in microbial reagent applied spots and CK spots were investigated before application and at the 5 ^th, 10^th, 15 ^th, and 30 thday post application, respectively.Furthermore, the population decline rate of grassland locust were calculated and statistically assessed to compare the control efficacy of the two different formulations and to determine the spatial characteristics of the control efficacy. The results showed that before application, no significant differences in population density of grassland locust between CK spots and all of the experimental spots were observed（P0.05）, and at the 5^th, 10^th, 15 ^th, and 30^thday post application, both of the OF and WP applied experimental spots had significantly lower population density of grassland locust compared to CK spots（P0.05）; at the 10~（th）day post application, the population decline rate of grassland locust in A2 and A3 spots was significantly elevated compared to the B1,B2 and B3 spots（P〈0.05）; at the 15 thday post application, significantly higher population decline rate was observed in the A1, A2 and A3 spots than the B1, B2 and B3 spots（P〈0.05）; at the 30 thday post application, the population decline rate of the six designed experimental spots（A1-A3, B1-B3） all exceeded 65%, and the best control efficacy was obtained in the OF applied spots locating in downhill grassland with population decline rate of 71.86%. In conclusion, the OF had better control efficacy against grassland locust than WP, and the application of OF in downhill grassland had superior control efficacy; both of the two formulations of microbial reagent of Metarhizium anisopliae exhibited certain horizontal diffusion capacity, and they had sustained and good control efficacy against grassland locust in the current year of application.

In order to assess the yield-improving effect of mix-sowing of Avena sativa L. and Vicia sativa L., the yield-improving test were conducted in Tongde County of Qinghai Province. The results showed that the highest fresh grass yield of mix-sowing of Avena sativa L. and Vicia sativa L. was 2 707.71 kg/667 m~2. It was indicated that the planting pattern of Avena sativa L. and Vicia sativa L. mix-sowing had popularization and application value in Tongde County.

The development of industry results in the elevated lead contamination in air, water and soil, which lead to the growing risk of lead contamination in food through food chain. Lead is found in milk after dairy cow consumes feed and water contaminated by high level of lead. Accordingly, the consumers should pay more attention to the hazard of lead contamination in milk. In this paper, the existence form, source, harm, maximum residue limit, determination methods, and control measures of lead in milk are reviewed, in hoping to improve the consumers′ scientific understanding on lead contamination in milk.

Based on the observation data of temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and other meteorological factors from April to September in 2017 of Chifeng, the climate overview, main meteorological disasters, and their influence on agricultural production in the growing season were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature in the growing season is 18.1 ℃ which was 1.0 ℃ higher than the normal years; the precipitation was 387.0 mm which was increased by 8%compared to the normal years; the sunshine hours was 1 637 h which was 48 h more than the normal years; the main meteorological disasters in the growing season included drought, rainstorm, flood, tornado, strong winds and hail, and all these disasters brought losses for agricultural production; the light and heat condition were adequate in the growing season, the water condition was suitable in the south region of Chifeng and was slightly poor in the north region. In general, in terms of agricultural production, the advantages of the meteorological conditions in the growing season in 2017 of Chifeng outweigh the disadvantages.

Using the climate, water resources and other related data collected in typical area of Horqin Sandy Land from 1961 to2010, the influence of climate change on water resources in this region were analyzed. The results showed that with the decadal variations, a tendency of elevated temperature and reduced precipitation was observed, which was considered as a causative reason for the water resources shortage crisis in this region characterized by the decreasing water resources, dropping water level and deteriorated water quality. Especially since the year of 1995, under the background of dramatic climate warming, the continuously decreased precipitation exacerbated the destruction on water resources environment from human. Furthermore, the quantity of passing-by water was reduced and the dry-out of rivers and dry of reservoirs is serious. The protection of water resources environment has become the inevitable requirement of social sustainable development.

Tibet is one of the five largest pastoral areas and is also the largest grazing area in alpine meadow grassland of China.The sheep industry has a long history in Tibet and is also an important pillar industry in the development of agricultural and pastoral economy. In the past ten years, the inventory number of sheep in Tibet has remained ten million, accounting for half of the total livestock inventory number in Tibet. At present, in the farming and pastoral areas of Tibet, the whole year grazing is still the dominant mode for sheep breeding, resulting in the poor individual production performance and low ratio of large-scale farming. Currently, there are two major problems in sheep breeding in the Tibetan farming and pastoral areas： one is that the variety of Tibetan sheep has being degenerated, and the other is that the grassland resources for grazing have been severely damaged. This paper analyzes the development status of the Tibetan mutton sheep industry from the following aspects： sheep inventory number, sheep number for sale, mutton production, employees in this industry, mutton consumption and farmland, and summarizes the developmental potential of the mutton sheep industry in Tibet. Furthermore, we put forward some countermeasures and suggestions on promoting the development of large-scale sheep breeding in Tibet.

The industrialization of ＂Mingai＂ white cashmere goat is based on the establishment of breeding zone and the development of high-efficient and ecological breeding model. It focuses on the links of layout, breeds, production management and market. The high-efficient and ecological breeding model of ＂Mingai＂ white cashmere goat characterized by ＂breeding zone establishment ＋ scientific breeding technology ＋ brand development＂ has formed, which promotes the developmental efficiency of agriculture and animal husbandry, improves the ecological environment of rural and pastoral areas, and increases the income of farmers and herdsmen.

Estrus synchronization and artificial insemination are commonly used as a pair of matching technologies in sheep breeding. In view of the uneven estrus synchronization rate and conception rate in practical production, the estrus synchronization method of ＂CIDR ＋PMSG ＋PG＂ is introduced and the technical details of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination are expounded, and the factors influencing the application effect of estrus synchronization and artificial insemination in sheep are analyzed. Furthermore, according to the frequently encountered questions in production, the suggestion that the estrus synchronization should be applied based on sheep body condition and management condition is proposed.

The main production area of Chinese Simmental beef cattle（grassland groups） distributes in Tongliao City which locates in the hinterland of Horqin Pasture of Inner Mongolia. In this study, the population size, production performance, brand building, and industrialization development of Chinese Simmental beef cattle（grassland groups） were investigated by survey,data inquiry and field measurement, which enriches the germplasm resource information of this breed. The Chinese Simmental beef cattle（grassland groups） has become the dominant breed and plays a supportive role in the industrialization development of beef cattle industry of Tongliao City.

Biostatistics is an important specialized basic course of undergraduate specialty（e.g. animal science and veterinary medicine） in agricultural and agricultural related universities which lays the foundation for college student′ s specialized course study, experimental design and data analysis of graduation thesis, participation in scientific research, and engage in production practice. In order to improve the teaching quality of Biostatistics in local application-oriented universities, we conduct the teaching reform of Biostatistics by optimizing the course content, improving the professional level of teachers, enhancing the teaching methods, modifying the teaching means, cultivating the learning interest of students, performing the teaching of computer operation, and reforming the mode of course assessment.

Focusing on the teaching mode in postgraduate courses of environmental science discipline, the practical method of research-based teaching mode in environmental science discipline is discussed. By dividing the innovative research direction of environmental science discipline into three modules, we explore the concrete implementation methods of the research-based teaching mode in the course teaching process. The undergraduates are guided to participate in the research-based study, so that the postgraduate courses teaching should play its proper role.

The Animal Breeding is a compulsory professional basic course for undergraduates majored in animal science.According to the demand of livestock breeding enterprises for staffs and the characteristics of college and university students, the practice of Animal Breeding shared by college students majored in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as well as university students majored in animal science（4＋0） is carried out via the following aspects： re-organizing the teaching contents and teaching strategy to foreground the usefulness, applicability and novelty; arranging the theoretical and training course by enriching the teaching methods and means; assess the teaching effects by using different evaluation ways. Taking the cultivation of scientific thinking of students as starting point and mastery of first-line practical skill as finishing point, the comprehensive practical ability of the students are gradually improved, and the satisfied teaching effect is obtained.

Production practice is an important teaching link for improving the comprehensive quality of the students. We continue to improve the equipment in practice base and to reform and explore the content and form of cattle production practice since the establishment of practice base by cooperating with enterprises. In order to improve students′ participation, we establish a modular teaching model in which the process of production practice is divided into production link, technical link, scientific research link and interest development link. We constantly overcome the affect of the factors associated with students and teachers on production practice effect, and the practice teaching evaluation methods and assessment means are improved.

Poultry Production experiment is one of the main courses for undergraduates majoring in animal science and related specialties which plays crucial roles in improving undergraduates′ practical ability as well as problems-analyzing and-solving ability. Based on the current situation of Poultry Production experimental teaching, the existing problems such as the contradiction between teaching time shortage and teaching contents expansion, separation between experimental contents and practice requirement, and the imperfect teaching methods, are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, the feasible schemes and measures are put forward to reform teaching contents and methods, in hoping to improve the teaching quality and effect of Poultry Production experiment and to cultivate high-qualified professional talents meeting the demands of modern poultry industry.

[Objective]To assess the influence of students′ participation in Chinese Traditional Medicine Chemistry experiment preparation on the teaching effect of this experiment course. [Methods]The detailed evaluation indexes for teaching effect evaluation are set up, and the teaching effect of the different methods applied in students from three grades are compared.[Results]The better teaching effect is observed in the students with participation in experiment preparation compared to those without participation. [Conclusion]The participation in experiment preparation significantly improve the teaching effect of Chinese Traditional Medicine Chemistry experiment.

Epidemiological investigation of swine diseases with clinical significance in the border area of Shandong, Hebei and Henan Provinces is of great importance to reduce the occurrence of major swine diseases in this region. In this study, a total of1 196 porcine samples were recovered from the border area of Shandong, Hebei and Henan Provinces from March 2016 to October 2017, and the antibody and antigen of classical swine fever virus（CSFV）, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV）, porcine pseudorabies virus（PRV）, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV） were detected by commercially available ELISA kits. The results showed that the antibody and antigen positive rate of CSFV was 82.94%（496/598） and 2.56%（6/234）, respectively; the antibody positive rate of PRRSV was 81.94%（490/598）, and the antigen positive rate of the clinical samples from the swine with reproductive disorders was 20.73%（51/246）; the g B and g E antibody positive rate of PRV was72.78%（484/665） and 14.59%（97/665）, respectively; the overall antibody positive rate of PEDV was 47.50%（95/200）, among which the immunized and un-immunized population was 63.30% and 35.00%, respectively. Our investigation demonstrated that the epidemic status of swine diseases with clinical significance in this region is severe, and the vaccinations against the related epidemic diseases should be further strengthened.