北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 112-119.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.02.18

• 园艺·草业 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古阴山北麓短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原的群落特征和分类

木兰1,2,3, 孙海莲1,3, 晔薷罕1,3, 伊风艳1,3, 单玉梅1,3, 温超1,3, 张迁迁2, 张国龙2, 徐步云2, 邱晓1,3, 刘亚红1,3, 赵福洲4, 张璞进1,3   

  1. 1.中国科学院 内蒙古草业研究中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.内蒙古大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020;
    3.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    4.鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗林业工作站,内蒙古 敖勒召其 016299
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-16 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 张璞进(1981—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事草地生态学的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:木兰(1981—),女,副研究员,硕士,主要从事草业科学领域的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2017MS0384); 内蒙古科技计划项目(201502106,201502098); 内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2020CXJJM11,2017CXJJM07); 内蒙古自治区创新引导项目(KCBJ2018061)

Community characteristics and classification of Stipa breviflora steppe in the Northern Area of Yinshan Mountain of Inner Mongolia

Mulan1,2,3, SUN Hailian1,3, Yeruhan1,3, YI Fengyan1,3, SHAN Yumei1,3, WEN Chao1,3, ZHANG Qianqian2, ZHANG Guolong2, XU Buyun2, QIU Xiao1,3, LIU Yahong1,3, ZHAO Fuzhou4, ZHANG Pujin1,3   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Prataculture Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020,China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    4. Otog Front Banner Forestry Station of Ordos City,Aolezhaoqi 016299,China
  • Received:2020-03-16 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-07-17

摘要: 【目的】了解短花针茅草原的利用现状,为短花针茅草原的合理利用提供理论指导。【方法】利用2012年和2017年生长季采用样方法进行野外调查获得的数据并结合已有资料,对阴山北麓的短花针茅草原群落特征和分类进行了分析和总结。【结果】短花针茅草原的群落数量特征表现出强烈的波动性,平均物种数为11种/m2,高度为10 cm,总盖度为27%,生物量干重为(100±4) g/m2,平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.90,平均Margalef丰富度指数为2.47,平均Pielou均匀度指数为0.63。短花针茅草原共调查到植物91种,分属24个科58个属,其中含种最多的科为豆科(Leguminosae)、菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae),存在度大于80%的种有短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)、银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii)、无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)、细叶葱(Allium tenuissimum)和克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)。强旱生和典型旱生植物共有54种,占总物种数的59%;以多年生杂类草和一、二年生植物居多,各占49%和26%;区系地理成分以东古北极和亚洲中部成分为主,各占42%和21%。根据物种的优势度和生活型特征将短花针茅群落划分出10个群丛组和15个群丛,其中,以短花针茅为建群种的有5个群丛组和10个群丛类型,以无芒隐子草、银灰旋花和冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)为建群种的有5个群丛组和5个群丛类型,后者是短花针茅群落的退化类型。【结论】以退化指示种无芒隐子草、银灰旋花和冷蒿为建群种或亚优势种的短花针茅群落在阴山北麓分布广泛,反映出短花针茅草原现阶段退化形势依然较为严峻,要加强保护和给予合理的管理措施。

关键词: 短花针茅草原, 阴山北麓, 群落特征, 退化

Abstract: 【Objective】To understand the utilization status of Stipa breviflora steppe and guide the rational utilization of Stipa breviflora steppe.【Methods】Based on the data obtained during 2012 to 2017 from fieldworks, using sample methods at growing seasonsas , the community characteristics and classification of Stipa breviflora steppe were analyzed and summarized.【Results】The results showed that the Quantitative Characters of Stipa breviflora community had an obvious fluctuated. The species number, height, coverage, dry weight of the natural grasslands were separately 11 Species/m2 ,10 cm, 27%, (100±4) g/m2. The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.90, the average Margalef richness index was 2.47, and the average Pielou evenness index was 0.63. A total of 91 plants species belonged to 24 families and 58 genera were classified in Stipa breviflora steppe, among which the families with the most species were Leguminosae, Compositae and Gramineae, The species with the occurrence frequency exceeding 80% included Stipa breviflora, Convolvulus ammannii, Cleistogenes songorica, Allium tenuissimum, Stipa krylovii. As for the ecological type of water, 54 species of xerophytes and typical xerophytes accounting for 59% of the total species. In addition, perennial forbs and annul biennial specie were the two dominant life forms, covering 49% and 26% of the species respectively. Middle Asian areal-type and east Palaeo-North areal-type were the two major floristic elements, containing 42% and 21% of the species. Based on the life forms and dominances of the species within the community, Stipa breviflora steppe could be classified into 10 association groups and 15 associations,among which the constructive species was Stipa breviflora occupied 5 association groups and 10 associations.Cleistogenes songorica, Convolvulus ammannii and Artemisia frigida occupied 5 association groups and 5 associations. The latter were the degradation types of Stipa breviflora community.【Conclusion】The communities with degenerated indicator species as sub- dominant species and constructive species are widely distributed in the Northern Area of Yinshan Mountain, it means that the degradation of Stipa breviflora steppe still serious at present, need to strengthen the protection and utilize rationally of Stipa breviflora steppe.

Key words: Stipa breviflora steppe, The Northern Area of Yinshan Mountain, Community characteristics, Degradation

中图分类号: 

  • S812.8