北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 60-66.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.03.09

• 作物栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同节水模式对阴山北麓马铃薯干物质积累、产量及经济效益的影响

今芝1, 陈瑞英2, 乌兰3, 关婷3, 赵培荣2, 贾立国3, 吴云霞4   

  1. 1.乌兰察布市土壤肥料站,内蒙古 集宁 012000;
    2.四子王旗农业技术推广站,内蒙古 乌兰花 011899;
    3.内蒙古农业大学 农学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    4.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-10 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 吴云霞(1963—),女,研究员,学士,主要从事农业经济及农业科技期刊编辑工作。
  • 作者简介:今 芝(1988—),女,农艺师,硕士,主要从事土壤肥料和农业技术推广工作。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古地膜减量和节水农业专项项目(内财农〔2018〕1846号)

Effects of different water-saving modes on dry matter accumulation,yield and economic benefits of potato in the North Yinshan Mountain

JIN Zhi1, CHEN Ruiying2, Wulan3, GUAN Ting3, ZHAO Peirong2, JIA Liguo3, WU Yunxia4   

  1. 1. Soil Fertilizer Station of Ulanqab,Jining 012000,China;
    2. Agricultural Technical Extension Situation of Siziwang Banner,Wulanhua 011899,China;
    3. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;
    4. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
  • Received:2020-04-10 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-08-14

摘要: 【目的】通过比较分析不同节水模式对马铃薯干物质积累、转运、产量和经济效益的影响,探讨适宜阴山北麓马铃薯推广应用的高效节水模式。【方法】试验采用裂区设计,分析比较了高垄滴灌(HRDI)、膜下滴灌(UMDI)、浅埋滴灌(SBDI)3种节水模式在1 500 m3/hm2(梯度1)和1 950 m3/hm2(梯度2)灌水梯度下马铃薯干物质积累、转运、产量、商品特性、经济效益的差异情况。【结果】浅埋滴灌(SBDI)模式能够有效地促进马铃薯植株干物质积累,SBDI1处理在马铃薯块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期都保持最高的全株干物质积累量,茎和叶干物质转运量、干物质转运量对块茎的贡献率最高,成熟期SBDI2和SBDI1处理全株干物质积累量分别为286.05 g/株和274.67 g/株,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);SBDI2处理马铃薯单株结薯数、单株薯重、商品薯率最高,分别为6.65个、1.24 kg、90.80%。各处理产量由高到低为SBDI1>HRDI1>UMDI1>SBDI2>HRDI2>UMDI2,SBDI1处理产量最高,为47.40 t/hm2,与其他处理相比,产量分别提高了1.61%、2.27%、3.27%、6.54%、10.23%;在相同灌水量条件下,马铃薯产量均表现为SBDI>HRDI>UMDI,灌水量1 500 m3/hm2条件下3种节水模式马铃薯产量均高于灌水量1 950 m3/hm2处理;SBDI1和SBDI2处理获得了更高的经济效益,分别为22 604元/hm2和22 748元/hm2。【结论】浅埋滴灌模式能够在节水节膜的前提下实现高产高效,可以将灌水量为1 500 m3/hm2的浅埋滴灌模式作为新型高效节水模式在马铃薯生育期降水量为300~400 mm的阴山北麓推广。

关键词: 马铃薯, 阴山北麓, 浅埋滴灌, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore a high-efficiency water-saving mode suitable for the North Yinshan Mountain,the effects of different water-saving modes on dry matter accumulation,yield and benefits were analyzed and compared on potato in the North Yinshan Mountain.【Methods】A split-plot design was used for analyzing and comparing the differences between dry matter accumulation,transportation,yield,commodity characteristics and economic benefits in potato on three water-saving planting modes of high ridge drip irrigation(HRDI),under mulch drip irrigation(UMDI) and shallow buried drip irrigation(SBDI) under the irrigation gradient of 1 500 m3/hm2(gradient 1) and 1 950 m3/hm2(gradient 2).【Results】Shallow buried drip irrigation (SBDI) mode could effectively promote the potato plant dry matter accumulation;SBDI1 treatment maintained the highest dry matter accumulation of the whole plant during the tuber forming stage,tuber bulking stage and starch accumulation stage;SBDI1 treatment maintained the highest stem and leaf dry matter transportation and the highest contribution rate of dry matter transportation to tuber formation;in mature period of SBDI1 and SBDI2,dry matter accumulation of the whole plant were 286.05 g/plant and 274.67 g/plant,which were significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).SBDI2 treatment maintained the highest potato number of per plant,potato weight of per plant and commercial potato rate of per plant,which were 6.65,1.24 kg and 90.80% respectively. From high to low,the yield of each treatment was SBDI1>HRDI1>UMDI1>SBDI2>HRDI2>UMDI2;the yield of SBDI1 treatment was the highest which was 47.40 t/hm2 and it was increased in comparision with other treatments by 1.61%,2.27%,3.27%,6.54%,10.23% respectively;under the same irrigation amount,potato yield was shown as SBDI>HRDI>UMDI;under irrigation amount of 1 500 m3/hm2,potato yield of the three water-saving modes were all higher than irrigation water amount of 1 950 m3/hm2 treatment;SBDI1 treatment and SBDI2 treatment achieved higher economic benefits,22 604 yuan/hm2 and 22 748 yuan/hm2 respectively.【Conclusion】Shallow buried drip irrigation could achieve high yield and efficiency under the premise of saving water and film. Shallow buried drip irrigation with irrigation amount of 1 500 m3/hm2 could be promoted and applied as a new high-efficiency water-saving mode in the North Yinshan Mountain where the precipitation was 300-400 mm during potato growth period.

Key words: Potato, The North Yinshan Mountain, Shallow buried drip irrigation, Yield

中图分类号: 

  • S532