北方农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 49-55.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2023.02.06

• 土壤肥料·园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同肥料处理对瑞阳苹果产量和品质的影响

王丽, 孙鲁龙, 李智锋, 张学良, 郭雄雄, 梁俊   

  1. 西北农林科技大学 园艺学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-13 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 梁 俊(1963—),男,教授,博士,主要从事苹果安全质量和苹果品质改良的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:王 丽(1995—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为苹果园精准化施肥与品质提升。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000201); 陕西省重大科技专项项目(S2020-ZDZX-PGZX-0007)

Effect of different fertilizer treatments on Ruiyang apple yield and quality

WANG Li, SUN Lulong, LI Zhifeng, ZHANG Xueliang, GUO Xiongxiong, LIANG Jun   

  1. College of Horticulture,Northwest A & F University,Yangling 712100,China
  • Received:2023-03-13 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-07-05

摘要: 【目的】研究不同氮磷钾肥处理对苹果产量及品质的影响,为生产上科学施肥提供参考。【方法】在苹果萌芽期﹑开花期﹑花芽分化期和果实膨大期设置不同氮磷钾肥处理,S1处理(42﹑13﹑26 kg/hm2,42﹑21﹑41 kg/hm2,19﹑12﹑63 kg/hm2,14﹑4﹑80 kg/hm2),S2处理(46﹑8﹑30 kg/hm2,46﹑16﹑45 kg/hm2,23﹑16﹑60 kg/hm2,0﹑8﹑75 kg/hm2),S3处理(51﹑10﹑22 kg/hm2,42﹑18﹑50 kg/hm2,23﹑9﹑68 kg/hm2,0﹑10﹑80 kg/hm2),常规施肥为对照(CK),以9年生苹果品种瑞阳为试验材料,测定不同处理苹果产量及品质指标。【结果】与CK相比,S1、S2、S3处理苹果果实纵径、横径、单果质量、产量均呈现增大趋势,S1处理苹果的产量、商品率较CK分别增加4.0%、3.8%。不同肥料处理对苹果果实外观品质影响最大的是果面色泽,与CK相比,S1、S2、S3处理的果面色泽具有降低趋势,其中S3处理的着色程度(a*值)有所增加;与CK相比,S1处理色泽亮度(L*值)、底色(b*值)显著减小(P<0.05),但色泽比、果形指数与CK相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。对果实内在品质影响较大的有果实硬度、可滴定酸含量、固酸比,不同肥料处理果实硬度有增大趋势,且S1处理果实硬度与CK相比显著增加9.5%(P<0.05);S1处理可滴定酸含量较CK显著降低25.0%(P<0.05);S1处理的固酸比较CK显著增大29.3%(P<0.05)。【结论】S1处理苹果的产量增加、商品率提升,苹果整体品质表现较优。

关键词: 苹果, 氮磷钾肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer treatments on apple yield and quality,and to provide references for scientific fertilization in production.【Methods】During the apple germination,flowering,flower bud differentiation,and fruit expanding stages,different NPK fertilizer treatments were set up:S1 treatment(42,13,26 kg/hm2,42,21,41 kg/hm2,19,12,63 kg/hm2,14,4,80 kg/hm2),S2 treatment(46,8,30 kg/hm2,46,16,45 kg/hm2,23,16,60 kg/hm2,0,8,75 kg/hm2),and S3 treatment(51,10,22 kg/hm2,42,18,50 kg/hm2,23,9,68 kg/hm2,0,10,80 kg/hm2) with conventional fertilizer as control(CK). Using 9-year-old apple variety,Ruiyang,as test material,the yield and quality indexes of apples in different treatments were measured.【Results】Compared with CK,the fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter,single fruit weight,and yield of apple treated with S1,S2,and S3 all showed increasing trend. The yield and commodity rate of apples under S1 treatment increased by 4.0% and 3.8%,respectively,compared with CK. Different fertilizer treatments had most impact on fruit surface color,in terms of apple fruit appearance and quality. In comparison with CK,the fruit surface colour of S1,S2 and S3 treatments all tended to decrease,with the coloring degree(a* value) of S3 treatment increased. The color brightness(L* value) and background color(b * value) of S1 treatment significantly decreased(P<0.05),although there was no significant difference(P>0.05) in color ratio and fruit shape index compared with CK . The fruit hardness,titratable acid content and solid-acid ratio had greater impact on the internal quality of the fruit. The fruit hardness in different fertilizer treatment had increase trend,with S1 treatment significantly increased(P<0.05) by 9.5% compared with CK. The titratable acid content in S1 treatment significantly decreased(P<0.05) by 25.0%,while the solid-acid ratio significantly increased(P<0.05) by 29.3% compared with CK.【Conclusion】S1 treatment improved apple yield and commodity rate,resulting in better overall quality performance.

Key words: Apple, Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer, Yield, Quality

中图分类号: 

  • S661.1