北方农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 74-78.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1197.2019.03.14

• 土壤肥料·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾肥对食用向日葵产量性状和养分利用特性的影响

段玉1, 国世佳1, 张君1, 汪锦星2, 安昊1, 梁俊梅1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.五原县发展和改革委员会,内蒙古 五原 015100
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-06 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-12-10
  • 作者简介:段玉(1963—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与施肥的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(Cars-14)

Effects of N,P,and K fertilizer on yield characteristics and nutrient utilization characteristics of confectionary sunflower

DUAN Yu1, GUO Shijia1, ZHANG Jun1, WANG Jinxing2, AN Hao1, LIANG Junmei1   

  1. 1.Institute of Resource Environment and Detection Technology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;;
    2.Wuyuan County Development and Reform Commission,Wuyuan 015100,China
  • Received:2019-04-06 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 文章分析了不同氮磷钾肥处理对向日葵产量性状及肥料利用效率的影响,旨在为向日葵最佳经济施肥提供科学依据。结果表明:从产量和经济效益综合考虑,食用向日葵N、P2O5、K2O的最佳经济用量分别为172.0,82.4,120.7 kg/hm2。氮磷钾肥对食用向日葵单盘粒重和籽仁率影响较小,花盘直径和百粒重是影响向日葵产量的主要因素。在阴山北麓膜下滴灌种植情况下,N2P2K2处理下,食用向日葵的氮肥利用率为37.7%,磷肥利用率为17.0%,钾肥利用率为38.0%。每生产100 kg向日葵籽实吸收N、P2O5、K2O分别为 4.91,1.70,8.38 kg。

关键词: 食用向日葵, 施肥, 产量性状, 养分利用效率

Abstract: Based on the field experiments,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield characters and fertilizer utilization efficiency of sunflower were analyzed in order to provide the scientific basis for optimal development of the sunflower economy.The main results are as follows:Economically optimal rates of N,P2O5,and K2O should be 172.0 kg/hm2,82.4 kg/hm2,and 120.7 kg/hm2,respectively.Fertilization had little effect on disc grain weight and kernel rate of sunflower,while disc diameter and 100-grain weight of sunflower were the main factors affecting the yield of sunflower.The nutrient supply during bud stage is important to guarantee the nutrients needed for the development of the sunflower disk,while the nutrient supply during the grain filling period can ensure full seeds and increase grain weight of sunflower.Under the condition of optimal fertilization (N2P2K2) under drip irrigation under the sacred mountain,NUE of N,P2O5,and K2O was 37.7%,17.0%,and 38.0%,respectively.We found that 100 kg of sunflower seed absorbs N,P2O5,and K2O in amounts of 4.91 kg,1.70 kg,and 8.38 kg,respectively.

Key words: Confectionary Sunflower, Fertilization, Yield Characters, NUE

中图分类号: 

  • S565.5