北方农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 97-102.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.03.15

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾肥对油用向日葵产量、产量性状和养分利用特性的影响

段玉1, 国世佳2, 范霞3, 张君1, 安昊1, 梁俊梅1, 吴云霞1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.双鸭山市岭东区农业农村局,黑龙江 双鸭山 155120;
    3.呼和浩特市赛罕区农牧水利局,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-20 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 吴云霞(1963—),女,研究员,学士,主要从事农业经济及农业科技期刊编辑工作。
  • 作者简介:段 玉(1963—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与施肥的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-15); 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG346)

Effects of N,P and K fertilizer on yield,yield characters and nutrient utilization characteristics in oilseed sunflower

DUAN Yu1, GUO Shijia2, FAN Xia3, ZHANG Jun1, AN Hao1, LIANG Junmei1, WU Yunxia1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Lingdong District of Shuangyashan City,Shuangyashan 155120,China;
    3. Agriculture,Animal Husbandry & Water Conservancy Bureau of Saihan District of Hohhot City,Hohhot 010020,China
  • Received:2020-04-20 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-08-14

摘要: 【目的】明确氮磷钾肥对油用向日葵产量及性状和养分吸收利用特性的影响,为阴山北麓旱作区油用向日葵合理施肥提供依据。【方法】在阴山北麓旱作区开展油用向日葵施用氮磷钾肥试验研究,分析施肥对油用向日葵产量、产量性状及肥料吸收利用效率的影响。【结果】施肥对油用向日葵盘茎、单盘粒数、百粒重、结实率影响较小,茎粗、单盘粒重和籽仁率对油用向日葵产量影响较大。保证现蕾期养分供应可以保证油用向日葵茎粗、盘粒重和籽仁率增加,从而提高油用向日葵产量。在阴山北麓膜下滴灌种植情况下,N2P2K2处理下,油用向日葵的氮肥(N)利用率为33.6%,磷肥(P2O5)利用率为26.5%,钾肥(K2O)利用率为42.8%,施用氮磷钾肥的农学效率为3.96、6.92、1.87 kg/kg,每生产100 kg油用向日葵籽实吸收N、P2O5、K2O分别为 6.61、1.97和7.55 kg。【结论】研究明确了阴山北麓旱作区油用向日葵N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量范围为154.1~183.0、88.5~100.9、96.4~122.0 kg/hm2

关键词: 油用向日葵, 氮磷钾, 产量, 产量性状, 养分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】The main characters and nutrient uptake and utilization characteristics of oil sunflower were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilization of oil sunflower at the northern area of Yinshan Mountain.【Methods】The experiment of applying NPK fertilizer to oil sunflower was carried out in the northern area of Yinshan Mountain,and the effects of fertilization on the yield,yield characters and nutrient uptake and NUE were analyzed.【Results】NPK fertilizer had little effect on disc diameter,disc number of achenes,achenes weight and seed setting rate of oil sunflower,but had significant effects on stem diameter,disc achene weight and ratio of achenes to kernel in oil sunflower.Ensuring nutrient supply at budding stage could ensure the increase of stem thickness,disc weight and ratio of achenes to kernel in oil sunflower,so as to increase the yield.Under the condition of mulching film drip irrigation at the northern area of Yinshan Mountain,NUE of N,P,K by N2P2K2 was 33.6%,26.5% and 42.8%,respectively.AE of N,P,K was 3.96,6.92 and 1.87 kg/kg,respectively.For each 100 kg sunflower seeds,N,P2O5 and K2O were needed 6.61,1.97 and 7.55 kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The suitable rate range of N,P2O5 and K2O for oilseed sunflower in the North Yinshan was defined as 154.1-183.0,88.5-100.9 and 96.4-122.0 kg/hm2.

Key words: Oilseed sunflower, NPK, Yield, Yield Characters, NUE

中图分类号: 

  • S565.5