燕山丘陵半干旱区氮肥运筹对垄沟种植谷子光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.03.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究燕山丘陵半干旱区氮肥运筹对垄沟种植谷子光合特征及产量的影响,为该地区谷子种植的高效施肥提供参考。【方法】2023—2024年分别在内蒙古赤峰市松山区和翁牛特旗进行双因素大田试验,研究垄沟种植模式（D）和平作种植模式（N）下不施氮肥（F0）、施氮肥1次（播种前,F1）、施氮肥2次（播种前—拔节期,F2）、施氮肥3次（播种前—拔节期—抽穗期,F3）、施氮肥4次（播种前—拔节期—抽穗期—开花期,F4）5个施肥方式对谷子光合指标、农艺性状和产量的影响,并分析垄沟种植模式下的氮肥增产贡献来源。【结果】与F0处理相比,垄沟种植模式下F3处理提高了谷子生育后期旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率;两种种植模式下F3、F4处理均增加了旗叶气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）和蒸腾速率（T_r）,改善了谷子生育后期的光合能力。2023年,垄沟种植模式下F3处理提高了谷子的株高、茎粗和穗长;2024年,垄沟种植模式下F3处理的谷子株高、茎粗、穗长、穗粗较平作种植模式分别增加了0.54%、10.78%、1.21%和5.15%。两年间,施氮处理对产量的贡献率均以F3处理最大,分别为22.12%、39.29%;种植模式的贡献率在各施肥处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）,且氮肥运筹对谷子增产的贡献率大于种植模式。【结论】在垄沟种植模式下,施氮肥3次（播种前—拔节期—抽穗期）能够更好地满足谷子生育后期对氮素的需求,有利于提高谷子各生育期的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,进而提高产量,可作为燕山丘陵半干旱区谷子高产的氮肥施用方式。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 垄沟种植, 谷子, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of foxtail millet under ridge-furrow cropping in the semi-arid hilly region of the Yanshan Mountains,providing a reference for efficient fertilization strategies in foxtail millet cultivation in this area.【Methods】A two-factor field experiment was conducted in Songshan District and Ongniud Banner of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia,from 2023 to 2024 to investigate the effects of five fertilization methods：no nitrogen fertilizer（F0）,one nitrogen application（pre-sowing,F1）,two nitrogen applications（pre-sowing and jointing stage,F2）,three nitrogen applications（pre-sowing,jointing stage,and heading stage,F3）,and four nitrogen applications（pre-sowing,jointing stage,heading stage,and flowering stage,F4） on photosynthetic indices,agronomic traits,and yield of foxtail millet under ridge-furrow cropping（D） and flat cropping（N） patterns,and to analyze the sources of nitrogen fertilizer contributions to yield increase under ridge-furrow cropping pattern. 【Results】Compared with the F0 treatment,the F3 treatment under the ridge-furrow cropping pattern increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves in the late growth stage of foxtail millet;under both cropping patterns,the F3 and F4 treatments increased the flag leaves stomatal conductance（G_s）,intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）,and transpiration rate（T_r）,and improved the photosynthetic capacity of foxtail millet in the late growth stage. In 2023,the F3 treatment under the ridge-furrow cropping pattern increased the plant height,stem diameter,and panicle length of foxtail millet;in 2024,compared with the flat cropping pattern,the F3 treatment under the ridge-furrow cropping pattern increased the plant height,stem diameter,panicle length,and panicle diameter of foxtail millet by 0.54%,10.78%,1.21%,and 5.15%,respectively. During the two years,the F3 treatment showed the highest contribution rate of nitrogen application to yield,which was 22.12% and 39.29% respectively;the contribution rate of cropping pattern showed no significant differences among the fertilization treatments（P>0.05）,and the contribution rate of nitrogen management to foxtail millet yield increase was greater than that of cropping pattern. 【Conclusion】Under the ridge-furrow cropping pattern,three nitrogen applications（pre-sowing,jointing stage and heading stage） can better meet the nitrogen demand of foxtail millet in the late growth stages,enhance chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate at different growth stages,thereby increasing yield,and can serve as an optimal nitrogen fertilization strategy for high-yield foxtail millet production in the semi-arid hilly region of the Yanshan Mountains.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer management, Ridge-furrow cropping, Foxtail millet, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

中图分类号:

S515

李嘉琪, 吴晓榕, 王英, 赵鑫瑶, 张宏杰, 杨金虎, 韩丽, 韩雪, 郭笑南, 李立军. 燕山丘陵半干旱区氮肥运筹对垄沟种植谷子光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(3): 11-25.

LI Jiaqi, WU Xiaorong, WANG Ying, ZHAO Xinyao, ZHANG Hongjie, YANG Jinhu, HAN Li, HAN Xue, GUO Xiaonan, LI Lijun. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of foxtail millet under ridge-furrow cropping in the semi-arid hilly region of Yanshan Mountains[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(3): 11-25.

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