有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯产量与表观氮损失量的影响

doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2025.06.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究普通化肥配施不同比例有机肥对马铃薯产量和表观氮损失量的影响。【方法】以马铃薯V7品种为试验材料,在2023、2024年设置不施氮肥（CK）、单施普通化肥（CF）和20%（OF1）、40%（OF2）、60%（OF3）、80%（OF4）有机肥替代化肥共6个处理。分析不同处理下耕层土壤（0~30 cm）氮含量,马铃薯生物量、氮含量、氮吸收量、产量、氮肥农学利用效率、表观氮损失量的差异。【结果】马铃薯块茎膨大期OF1处理耕层土壤硝态氮含量较CF处理显著提高了26.22%~39.48%（P<0.05）,成熟期铵态氮含量较CF处理显著提高了32.81%~77.78%（P<0.05）。马铃薯块茎形成期至成熟期OF1处理的生物量较CF处理提高了7.45%~33.10%、氮含量提高了0.17~0.58个百分点、氮吸收量提高了42.29%~53.20%。两年间,OF1处理的马铃薯产量较CF处理提高了6.71%~10.61%;OF1处理的氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥偏生产力分别为132.39、138.69 kg/kg和263.85、257.45 kg/kg,均显著高于CF处理（P<0.05）;OF1处理的表观氮损失量较CF处理分别降低了34.64%和23.65%。【结论】20%有机肥替代化肥可以显著提升马铃薯的产量与氮肥农学利用效率,减少表观氮素的损失。

关键词: 马铃薯, 有机肥, 产量, 氮肥农学利用效率, 表观氮损失量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the effects of partial substitution of conventional chemical fertilizer with different proportions of organic fertilizer on potato yield and apparent nitrogen loss.【Methods】 Using potato variety V7 as experimental material,six treatments were established in 2023 and 2024：no nitrogen fertilizer （CK）,conventional chemical fertilizer alone （CF）,and chemical fertilizer substituted by 20%（OF1）,40%（OF2）,60%（OF3）,and 80%（OF4） organic fertilizer. Differences in soil nitrogen content in the plough layer（0-30 cm）,potato biomass,nitrogen content,nitrogen uptake,yield,agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,and apparent nitrogen loss were analyzed under different treatments.【Results】 During the tuber bulking stage,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in the plough layer under OF1 treatment was significantly increased by 26.22%-39.48% compared to the CF treatment（P<0.05）;at mature stage,the soil ammonium nitrogen content was significantly increased by 32.81%-77.78% compared to CF treatment （P<0.05）. From the tuber bulking stage to mature stage of potato,the biomass,nitrogen content,and nitrogen uptake under the OF1 treatment were increased by 7.45%-33.10%,0.17-0.58 percentage points,and 42.29%-53.20%,respectively,compared to the CF treatment. Over the two years,the potato yield under the OF1 treatment was increased by 6.71%-10.61% compared to the CF treatment;the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer for the OF1 treatment were 132.39,138.69 kg/kg,and 263.85,257.45 kg/kg,respectively,both significantly higher than the CF treatment（P<0.05）;the apparent nitrogen loss under the OF1 treatment was reduced by 34.64% and 23.65%,respectively,compared to the CF treatment.【Conclusion】 Substituting chemical fertilizer with 20% organic fertilizer can significantly increase potato yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,and reduce apparent nitrogen loss.

Key words: Potato, Organic fertilizer, Yield, Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, Apparent nitrogen loss

中图分类号:

S532

李袁凯, 李宜锟, 张璟, 桑玉莹, 张子义. 有机肥部分替代化肥对马铃薯产量与表观氮损失量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2025, 53(6): 86-97.

LI Yuankai, LI Yikun, ZHANG Jing, SANG Yuying, ZHANG Ziyi. Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on potato yields and apparent nitrogen loss[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2025, 53(6): 86-97.

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