北方农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 10-23.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2026.04.02

• 作物栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北地区小豆种质资源农艺性状分析与评价

崔智慧, 康泽然, 王晓磊, 刘迎春, 周学超, 胡海波, 张清艳, 魏云山   

  1. 赤峰市农牧科学院,内蒙古 赤峰 024031
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 魏云山(1978—),男,研究员,硕士,主要从事作物栽培育种方面的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:崔智慧(1995—),女,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事作物栽培育种方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家食用豆现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-08-Z24); 2025年内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划(科技支撑东北振兴,2025YFDZ0110); 内蒙古自治区杂粮杂豆现代农牧业产业技术体系项目(IMARS-02)

Analysis and evaluation of agronomic traits of Vigna angularis germplasm resources in northeast China

CUI Zhihui, KANG Zeran, WANG Xiaolei, LIU Yingchun, ZHOU Xuechao, HU Haibo, ZHANG Qingyan, WEI Yunshan   

  1. Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Chifeng 024031,China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-10-09

摘要: 【目的】对东北地区小豆种质资源农艺性状进行分析,为小豆遗传改良和新品种选育提供依据。【方法】对东北地区274份小豆种质资源的9个农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和综合评价,并对优异种质资源进行品质分析。【结果】9个农艺性状变异系数为10.66%~44.90%,变异系数较高的性状有单株产量、单株荚数和主茎分枝数(44.90%、38.09%和37.49%);遗传多样性指数为1.85~2.13,百粒重的遗传多样性指数最高(2.13);9个农艺性状间存在不同程度的相关性,其中,荚宽与百粒重呈极显著正相关关系、单株荚数与单株产量呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.685、0.677;聚类分析将9个农艺性状划分为4个类群;主成分分析得到前4个主成分累计贡献率为76.960%。综合评价前20的种质中,185、200、105、201和184属于高产型种质;200、105、106、184具有大粒特性,适合籽粒外观品质育种;105、234、216属于多荚型种质。品质性状方面,种质200的蛋白质含量较高(25.16 g/100 g)。【结论】东北地区274份小豆种质资源中,种质184兼具高产和大粒特性,种质200兼具高产、大粒、高蛋白特性,均是综合性状较佳的育种材料,可作为小豆遗传改良和新品种选育中的优良亲本。

关键词: 小豆, 种质资源, 农艺性状, 品质性状

Abstract: 【Objective】To analyze the agronomic traits of Vigna angularis germplasm resources in northeast China,providing a basis for genetic improvement and breeding of new V. angularis varieties.【Methods】Genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation were conducted on nine agronomic traits of 274 V. angularis germplasm resources in northeast China,and the quality of excellent germplasm resources was analyzed.【Results】The coefficients of variation of the nine agronomic traits ranged from 10.66% to 44.90%,and the traits with relatively high coefficients of variation were yield per plant,number of pods per plant,and number of main stem branches(44.90%,38.09% and 37.49%,respectively);the genetic diversity indexes ranged from 1.85 to 2.13,with the highest genetic diversity index for hundred-seed weight(2.13);there were different degrees of correlation among the nine agronomic traits;among them,pod width was extremely significantly positively correlated with hundred-seed weight,and the number of pods per plant was extremely significantly positively correlated with yield per plant,with the coefficients of correlation of 0.685 and 0.677,respectively;cluster analysis classified the nine agronomic traits into four groups;principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 76.960%. Among the top 20 germplasm resources based on comprehensive evaluation,185,200,105,201 and 184 were high-yield germplasm resources;200,105,106 and 184 had large-seed characteristics,which were suitable for breeding for seed appearance quality;105,234 and 216 belonged to multi-pod type germplasm resources. In terms of quality traits,germplasm resource 200 had a relatively high protein content(25.16 g/100 g).【Conclusion】Among the 274 V. angularis germplasm resources in northeast China,germplasm resource 184 has the characteristics of high yield and large seed,and germplasm resource 200 has the characteristics of high yield,large seed and high protein. Both are breeding materials with good comprehensive traits and can be used as excellent parents in genetic improvement and new variety breeding of V. angularis.

Key words: Vigna angularis, Germplasm resources, Agronomic traits, Quality traits

中图分类号: 

  • S521