北方农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 127-134.doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.05.18

• 园艺·草业 • 上一篇    

氮肥水平对紫花苜蓿农艺性状及经济效益的影响

冀超1, 殷国梅1, 刘思博1, 慕宗杰1, 薛艳林1, 李敬忠1, 马春梅2, 张英1, 杨风兰3, 梁叶文4   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    2.阿拉善职业技术学院,内蒙古 阿拉善左旗 750306;
    3.内蒙古自治区林业和草原总站,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000;
    4.赤峰市宁城县大双庙镇人民政府,内蒙古 大双庙 024200
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-10 发布日期:2022-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 殷国梅(1973—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事草地生态与管理的研究工作。
  • 作者简介:冀 超(1995—),男,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事草业科学的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34); 内蒙古自治区重大科技专项项目(2019ZD003)

Effect of nitrogen levels on alfalfa agronomic traits and economic benefit

JI Chao1, YIN Guomei1, LIU Sibo1, MU Zongjie1, XUE Yanlin1, LI Jingzhong1, MA Chunmei2, ZHANG Ying1, YANG Fenglan3, LIANG Yewen4   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;
    2. Alagxa Vocational and Technical College,Alagxa Left Banner 750306,China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Workstation,Hohhot 010000,China;
    4. People's Government of Dashuangmiao Town in Ningcheng County of Chifeng City,Dashuangmiao 024200,China
  • Received:2021-08-10 Published:2022-01-06

摘要: 【目的】 探究呼和浩特市托克托县种植紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的最佳施氮量,为该地区紫花苜蓿合理施肥提供依据。【方法】 基于长期定位试验,以紫花苜蓿为材料,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,连续4年对不同氮肥水平下的紫花苜蓿农艺性状进行监测,并进行经济效益分析。【结果】 所有施氮处理的平均株高高于对照,施氮肥120.00 kg/hm2的处理平均株高最高,为126.93 cm;与对照相比,施氮肥处理茎叶比较低,最低值为1.13;随着施氮量的增加,紫花苜蓿的干鲜比下降,对照的干鲜比相对较高,最高值为0.37;紫花苜蓿干草产量在第3年时达到峰值,施氮肥120.00 kg/hm2的处理4年干草总产量最高,为96 509.24 kg/hm2,比对照增产36 150.16 kg/hm2,比对照增收7.44万元/hm2。【结论】 施氮肥显著提高了紫花苜蓿的株高、干草产量及纯收入,降低了茎叶比;施氮肥120.00 kg/hm2的处理是托克托县种植紫花苜蓿的最佳施氮量。

关键词: 氮肥, 紫花苜蓿, 农艺性状, 干草产量, 经济效益

Abstract: 【Objective】 To find out the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer amount for local alfalfa planting in Togtoh County in Hohhot. 【Methods】 The agronomic traits of alfalfa under different nitrogen fertilizer levels were studied for 4 consecutive years and the economic benefit analysis was conducted based on the long-term positioning experiment using alfalfa as material with a single factor completely randomized trial design. 【Results】 The average plant height of all nitrogen treatments was higher than the control. The nitrogen fertilizer 120.00 kg/hm2 had the highest average plant height(126.93 cm). Compared with the control,the nitrogen fertilizer treatment plants had lower stem and leaf rate(1.13). The dry-to-fresh ratio of alfalfa droped as the nitrogen application rate increased,while the dry-to-fresh ratio of the control was relatively higher(0.37);the alfalfa hay yield reached its peak in the third year. The nitrogen fertilizer 120.00 kg/hm2 had the highest total hay yield in the 4 years(96 509.24 kg/hm2),which was 36 150.16 kg/hm2 more than the control,with an enconormic yield of 74 400 yuan/hm2 higher. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application significantly increased the plant height,hay yield and net income of alfalfa while decreasing the stem-leaf ratio. The treatment of 120.00 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer was the best nitrogen application rate for alfalfa planting in Togtoh County in Hohhot.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Alfalfa, Agronomic traits, Hay yield, Economic benefit

中图分类号: 

  • S541.9